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Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring

2019Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorGonzález‐Mariño, Iria
dc.contributor.authorBaz‐Lomba, Jose Antonio
dc.contributor.authorAlygizakis, Nikiforos A.
dc.contributor.authorAndrés‐Costa, Maria Jesus
dc.contributor.authorBade, Richard
dc.contributor.authorBannwarth, Anne
dc.contributor.authorBarron, Leon P.
dc.contributor.authorBeen, Frederic
dc.contributor.authorBenaglia, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorBerset, Jean‐Daniel
dc.contributor.authorBijlsma, Lubertus
dc.contributor.authorBodík, Igor
dc.contributor.authorBrenner, Asher
dc.contributor.authorBrock, Andreas L.
dc.contributor.authorBurgard, Daniel A.
dc.contributor.authorCastrignanò, Erika
dc.contributor.authorCelma, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorChristophoridis, Christophoros E.
dc.contributor.authorCovaci, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorDelémont, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorVoogt, Pim
dc.contributor.authorDevault, Damien A.
dc.contributor.authorDias, Mário
dc.contributor.authorEmke, Erik
dc.contributor.authorEsseiva, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorFatta‐Kassinos, Despo
dc.contributor.authorFedorova, Ganna
dc.contributor.authorFytianos, Konstantinos
dc.contributor.authorGerber, Cobus
dc.contributor.authorGrabic, Roman
dc.contributor.authorGracia‐Lor, Emma
dc.contributor.authorGrüner, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorGunnar, Teemu
dc.contributor.authorHapeshi, Evroula
dc.contributor.authorHeath, Ester
dc.contributor.authorHelm, Björn
dc.contributor.authorHernández, Félix
dc.contributor.authorKankaanpaa, Aino
dc.contributor.authorKarolak, Sara
dc.contributor.authorKasprzyk‐Hordern, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorKrizman‐Matasic, Ivona
dc.contributor.authorLai, Foon Yin
dc.contributor.authorLechowicz, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorLópez de Alda, Miren
dc.contributor.authorLópez‐García, Ester
dc.contributor.authorLöve, Arndís S. C.
dc.contributor.authorMastroianni, Nicola
dc.contributor.authorMcEneff, Gillian L.
dc.contributor.authorMontes, Rosa
dc.contributor.authorMunro, Kelly
dc.contributor.authorNefau, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorOberacher, Herbert
dc.contributor.authorO'Brien, Jake W.
dc.contributor.authorOertel, Reinhard
dc.contributor.authorOlafsdottir, Kristin
dc.contributor.authorPicó, Yolanda
dc.contributor.authorPlósz, Benedek G.
dc.contributor.authorPolesel, Fabio
dc.contributor.authorPostigo, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorQuintana, José Benito
dc.contributor.authorRamin, Pedram
dc.contributor.authorReid, Malcolm J.
dc.contributor.authorRice, Jack
dc.contributor.authorRodil, Rosario
dc.contributor.authorSalgueiro‐González, Noelia
dc.contributor.authorSchubert, Sara
dc.contributor.authorSenta, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorSimões, Susana
dc.contributor.authorSremacki, Maja M.
dc.contributor.authorStyszko, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorTerzic, Senka
dc.contributor.authorThomaidis, Nikolaos S.
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Kevin V.
dc.contributor.authorTscharke, Ben J.
dc.contributor.authorUdrisard, Robin
dc.contributor.authorNuijs, Alexander L. N.
dc.contributor.authorYargeau, Viviane
dc.contributor.authorZuccato, Ettore
dc.contributor.authorCastiglioni, Sara
dc.contributor.authorOrt, Christoph
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-10T09:20:00Z
dc.date.available2021-08-10T09:20:00Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractBackground and aims Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population‐normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. Design Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. Measurements Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world‐wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads. Findings Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. Conclusions The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real‐time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationGonzález-Mariño, I., Baz-Lomba, J. A., Alygizakis, N. A., Andrés-Costa, M. J., Bade, R., Bannwarth, A., Barron, L. P., Been, F., Benaglia, L., Berset, J. D., Bijlsma, L., Bodík, I., Brenner, A., Brock, A. L., Burgard, D. A., Castrignanò, E., Celma, A., Christophoridis, C. E., Covaci, A., Delémont, O., … Ort, C. (2020). Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 115(1), 109–120pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/add.14767pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1360-0443
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/37292
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherWilleypt_PT
dc.relationA new paradigm in drug use and human health risk assessment: Sewage profiling at the community level
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14767pt_PT
dc.subjectAmphetaminept_PT
dc.subjectCocainept_PT
dc.subjectEcstasypt_PT
dc.subjectIllicit drugspt_PT
dc.subjectMethamphetaminept_PT
dc.subjectWastewater-based epidemiologypt_PT
dc.titleSpatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoringpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleA new paradigm in drug use and human health risk assessment: Sewage profiling at the community level
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/317205/EU
oaire.citation.endPage120pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage109pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleAddictionpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume115pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamFP7
person.familyNameDias
person.familyNameSimões
person.givenNameMário
person.givenNameSusana
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5900-5899
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9457-1546
person.identifier.scopus-author-id26221673200
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb24227f2-a261-4e33-ab53-3edf34744335
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationd0a1e3e3-4d0e-49b5-804e-a55e700f8d22
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd0a1e3e3-4d0e-49b5-804e-a55e700f8d22
relation.isProjectOfPublication93560483-6664-4149-998b-c809eb1726f4
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery93560483-6664-4149-998b-c809eb1726f4

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