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A Artilharia de Campanha no moderno campo de batalha. Tendências de evolução no Exército Espanhol.
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Abstract(s)
A evolução é um processo que aborda inúmeras realidades e no que respeita aos termos bélicos não é excepção. Ao longo dos tempos assistiu-se a um número elevado de conflitos, entre os povos que habitam a Terra, e às várias evoluções do Campo de Batalha, bem como dos conceitos e das várias estruturas que a ele estão
relacionadas, os quais foram acompanhados pela Artilharia de Campanha (AC).
Outrora verificava-se o confronto de grandes frentes, nos quais se tentava manter o
equilíbrio do número de Forças envolvidas. Sendo a AC utilizada para eliminar o maior
número de elementos que constituíam essas Forças, sem existir grande preocupação
com os danos colaterais causados.
Com o evoluir da mentalidade da sociedade, tornando-se esta mais civilizada, estas
Guerras de movimento de grandes massas deixaram de ter sentido. Esta tendência
mostra que actualmente o objectivo principal do Homem é a manutenção da paz.
Contudo, existem sempre pequenos conflitos que justificaram a implementação das Missões de Apoio à Paz, por forma a impor ou restabelecer a paz. Estes conflitos inserem-se na actual designação de Moderno Campo de Batalha (MCB).
Nestas missões pretende-se sobretudo garantir a segurança das Forças que intervêm
na resolução do conflito, bem como da população não combatente. Porém, o facto de
estas missões se desenrolarem em ambiente urbano, essa tarefa revela-se de difícil
execução. O que para uma Arma como a AC, de qualquer País, assume grande
importância o rigor dos procedimentos para a execução do tiro, atribuindo -se à precisão um papel preponderante, para minimizar os danos colaterais que possa vir a causar.
No que concerne à Artilharia de Campanha Espanhola (ACE), vê-se na obrigação de
melhorar os seus materiais, para obter maior precisão e maiores alcances, para
garantir menores danos colaterais, de forma a poder integrar as Operações de Apoio à
Paz (OAP). No entanto, presentemente, em relação ao seu Sistema de Armas isso ainda não se verifica, possuindo apenas materiais com características para actuar em
combate convencional. Contudo possui um Sistema de Aquisição de Objectivos que
lhe permite, pelo menos, representar a sua AC no MCB. No futuro pretende equipar
todos os seus Sistemas com materiais, que permitam aos artilheiros desenvolver as
suas funções, para integrarem missões de OAP inseridas no MCB.
Abstract Evolution is a process which includes numerous realities and as far as military vocabulary is concerned it is no exception. Through times we have been able to watch a large number of conflicts between the peoples that inhabit the Earth and we have also watched the several evolutions of the Battle Field, as well as of the concepts and the several structures that are connected to it, which were followed by the Field Artillery. In times past, there was the confrontation of large fronts, in which there was an attempt to keep the balance of the number of troops involved and the Field Artillery was used to eliminate the largest number of elements from those troops, without worrying about the collateral damages caused. With the evolution of the society’s mentality, which became more civilized, these Wars which moved large masses didn’t make sense any more. This tendency shows that nowadays man’s main goal is peacekeeping. Nevertheless, there have always been small conflicts which justified the implementation of Peace Support Missions, as a way to impose or reestablish peace. These conflicts are part of the present concept of the Modern Battle Field. In these missions the main objective is to guarantee the safety of the Troops that take part in the conflict’s resolution, as well as of the non-fighting population. However, the fact that these missions happen in an urban area makes the task much more difficult. What happens is that, for a weapon such as the Field Artillery of any country, it is of great importance the accuracy of the procedures to execute the fire, giving to precision a fundamental role to minimize the collateral damages that it might cause. As far as the Spanish Field Artillery is concerned, it really has to improve its materials in order to obtain more precision and a wider range of fire, to guarantee less collateral damages, in order to be part of the Peace Support Missions. Nevertheless, presently, it still does not happen as far as their Weapons System is concerned, because they only have materials possible to use in a conventional fight. However, Spain has got a System to Acquire Objectives which allows them, at least, to represent their Field Artillery in the Modern Battle Field. In the future, they intend to equip all their systems with materials which allow the artillerists to perform their functions to integrate Peace Support Missions making part of the Modern Battle Field.
Abstract Evolution is a process which includes numerous realities and as far as military vocabulary is concerned it is no exception. Through times we have been able to watch a large number of conflicts between the peoples that inhabit the Earth and we have also watched the several evolutions of the Battle Field, as well as of the concepts and the several structures that are connected to it, which were followed by the Field Artillery. In times past, there was the confrontation of large fronts, in which there was an attempt to keep the balance of the number of troops involved and the Field Artillery was used to eliminate the largest number of elements from those troops, without worrying about the collateral damages caused. With the evolution of the society’s mentality, which became more civilized, these Wars which moved large masses didn’t make sense any more. This tendency shows that nowadays man’s main goal is peacekeeping. Nevertheless, there have always been small conflicts which justified the implementation of Peace Support Missions, as a way to impose or reestablish peace. These conflicts are part of the present concept of the Modern Battle Field. In these missions the main objective is to guarantee the safety of the Troops that take part in the conflict’s resolution, as well as of the non-fighting population. However, the fact that these missions happen in an urban area makes the task much more difficult. What happens is that, for a weapon such as the Field Artillery of any country, it is of great importance the accuracy of the procedures to execute the fire, giving to precision a fundamental role to minimize the collateral damages that it might cause. As far as the Spanish Field Artillery is concerned, it really has to improve its materials in order to obtain more precision and a wider range of fire, to guarantee less collateral damages, in order to be part of the Peace Support Missions. Nevertheless, presently, it still does not happen as far as their Weapons System is concerned, because they only have materials possible to use in a conventional fight. However, Spain has got a System to Acquire Objectives which allows them, at least, to represent their Field Artillery in the Modern Battle Field. In the future, they intend to equip all their systems with materials which allow the artillerists to perform their functions to integrate Peace Support Missions making part of the Modern Battle Field.
Description
Keywords
Evolução da Artilharia de Campanha Campo de Batalha Artilharia de Campanha Espanhola Missões de Apoio à Paz
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino