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STRESS OCUPACIONAL EM DOCENTES DE INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
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Abstract(s)
O stress faz parte do quotidiano de qualquer ser humano, podendo ocorrer tanto na
esfera pessoal como na profissional. As repercussões do stress podem ser muito graves
e vão além de prejuízos na saúde mental, podendo também prejudicar a saúde física e,
até mesmo, levar à morte. Neste estudo, foi enfatizada a dimensão
profissional/ocupacional. O stress ocupacional está diretamente relacionado à atividade
docente e tem aumentado significantemente, assim como os da síndrome de burnout
nessa mesma população. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar a incidência de
stress e exaustão profissional na atividade de docente do ensino superior. Trata-se de
um estudo analítico com metodologia quantitativa, realizado com utilização de
inquérito por formulário online de autopreenchimento. O instrumento utilizado no
estudo foi o Questionário sobre Stress e Exaustão Profissional em Atividades de
Docência, estruturado por Neto (2016a). A amostra final foi composta por 50 docentes
do Ensino Superior Português. Entre as principais conclusões deste estudo, destaca-se
que não existem associações significativas entre os níveis de stress, de exaustão
profissional e a capacidade de coping revelados pelos docentes do ensino superior
inquiridos consoante o sexo. No geral, foi identificado um índice considerável de
exposição ao stress, enquanto o índice de exposição à exaustão profissional foi
relativamente abaixo do esperado. As principais fontes de stress e exaustão profissional
identificadas nos docentes participantes do estudo foram: reduzido estatuto
profissional, não controlo do conteúdo do trabalho, pressão do tempo, pouca disciplina,
e, sobretudo, atividades domésticas, pois, para este último, o grau de exposição foi
muito elevado. Em relação aos preditores da experiência de burnout, encontrou-se
resultados que apontam para um maior nível geral de exposição à exaustão emocional,
seguindo-se a realização pessoal e, por último, a despersonalização. Evidenciou-se que
o stress difere de maneira direta consoante a realização profissional.
The stress is part of the everyday life of any human being, it may occur in its personal life of work life. The repercussion of stress is very severe and go beyond harming the mental health, it could even affect the physical health and, in very severe casas, lead to death. In this study the focus was to emphasize the work environment/occupational stress. Occupational stress is directly linked to teacher’s line of work and it has increased significantly, as the burnout syndrome in the same population. This paper main objective was to evaluate, in an overall view, the incidence of stress and professional exhaustion in higher education teacher population. This is an analytic study based on the quantitative methodology, realized with the use of an online inquiry. The instrument used for the study was “Questionário sobre Stress e Exaustão Profissional em Atividades de Docência”, structured by Neto (2016a). The final sample was composed of 50 teachers. One of the main conclusions of this study, it stands out that there is no significant association between the stress levels, professional exhaustion and the coping capability of the inquired teachers based on their sex. Overall, it was identified a considerable stress exposure, although the exposure to professional exhaustions was bellow of what was expected. The main stress sources identified in the teachers, that participate in the study where: reduced professional status, no control of the work content, deadline pressure, lack of discipline and, mainly, domestic activities this last source the degree of exposure if very high. In relation to the predictors of the burnout experience, it was found that a bigger exposure level to emotional exhaustion followed by personal realization and lastly depersonalization. It was found that stress differs, directly, based on the professional realization of the individual.
The stress is part of the everyday life of any human being, it may occur in its personal life of work life. The repercussion of stress is very severe and go beyond harming the mental health, it could even affect the physical health and, in very severe casas, lead to death. In this study the focus was to emphasize the work environment/occupational stress. Occupational stress is directly linked to teacher’s line of work and it has increased significantly, as the burnout syndrome in the same population. This paper main objective was to evaluate, in an overall view, the incidence of stress and professional exhaustion in higher education teacher population. This is an analytic study based on the quantitative methodology, realized with the use of an online inquiry. The instrument used for the study was “Questionário sobre Stress e Exaustão Profissional em Atividades de Docência”, structured by Neto (2016a). The final sample was composed of 50 teachers. One of the main conclusions of this study, it stands out that there is no significant association between the stress levels, professional exhaustion and the coping capability of the inquired teachers based on their sex. Overall, it was identified a considerable stress exposure, although the exposure to professional exhaustions was bellow of what was expected. The main stress sources identified in the teachers, that participate in the study where: reduced professional status, no control of the work content, deadline pressure, lack of discipline and, mainly, domestic activities this last source the degree of exposure if very high. In relation to the predictors of the burnout experience, it was found that a bigger exposure level to emotional exhaustion followed by personal realization and lastly depersonalization. It was found that stress differs, directly, based on the professional realization of the individual.
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Keywords
Docentes de Ensino superior, burnout, stress ocupacional, coping Higher education teachers, burnout, occupational stress, coping