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Food Intake in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Abstract(s)
Rationale: The aim of the present study was to verify the fulfillment of the nutritional
requirements of macronutrients of pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) at Lusíadas Lisboa Hospital. Inadequate glycemic control in
GDM increases the risk of maternal, fetal and neonatal consequences, in this sense,
nutritional therapy is essential during the follow-up of these pregnant women.
Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. The study sample included 20 pregnant
women diagnosed with GDM. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire that
included relevant data and to complete a three-day food record, for which they gave
consent. A statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® 25.
Results: The mean age measured was 35±4 years and 75% of the sample were in the 3º
trimester. In the pre-gestational period, the sample had a Body Mass Index (BMI) of
26,2±5,3kg/m2
. The mean fasting capillary blood glucose was 89±9mg/dL and the
postprandial was 119±19mg/dL. 75% reached the fasting glycemic objective and 95%
the postprandial. It was also found that pregnant women who didn´t meet the goal set
for fasting blood glucose, had higher pre-gestational BMI. In terms of macronutrients, it
was found that 75% of the sample didn´t reach Total Energy Requirements (TER), 50%
didn´t reach protein (1,1g/kg of current weight/day and 15-20% TER), 10% lipid (30%
TER) and all carbohydrates (50-55% TER), with only 35% reaching the daily minimum of
carbohydrates (175g). It was also found that sample didn´t reach 28g/day of fiber.
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the importance of an individualized
nutritional intervention by a nutritionist with pregnant women diagnosed with GDM.
The importance of this intervention is based on adherence to an adequate dietary
pattern that prevents nutritional deficits, enhances clinical outcomes and contributes to
the prevention of the incidence of GDM.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes Gestational Complicações na Gravidez Diabetes, Gestational Pregnancy Complications
Citation
European Association for the Study of Obesity. ECOICO 2020, Dublin from 1-4 September 2020