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Source apportionment of PM2.5 before and after COVID-19 lockdown in an urban-industrial area of the Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal

2023-05Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorGamelas ou Carla A. Gamelas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorCanha, Nuno
dc.contributor.authorVicente, Ana
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Anabela
dc.contributor.authorBorges, Sónia
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Célia
dc.contributor.authorKertesz, Zsofia
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Susana Marta
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-30T11:08:30Z
dc.date.available2024-01-30T11:08:30Z
dc.date.issued2023-05
dc.description.abstractThe lockdowns held due to the COVID-19 pandemic conducted to changes in air quality. This study aimed to understand the variability of PM2.5 levels and composition in an urban-industrial area of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and to identify the contribution of the different sources. The composition of PM2.5 was assessed for 24 elements (by PIXE), secondary inorganic ions and black carbon. The PM2.5 mean concentration for the period (December 2019 to November 2020) was 13 ± 11 μg.m−3. The most abundant species in PM2.5 were BC (19.9%), SO42− (15.4%), NO3− (11.6%) and NH4+ (5.3%). The impact of the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic on the PM levels was found by comparison with the previous six years. The concentrations of all the PM2.5 components, except Al, Ba, Ca, Si and SO42−, were significantly higher in the winter/pre-confinement than in post-confinement period. A total of seven sources were identified by Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF): soil, secondary sulphate, fuel-oil combustion, sea, vehicle non-exhaust, vehicle exhaust, and industry. Sources were greatly influenced by the restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, with vehicle exhaust showing the sharpest decrease. Secondary sulphate predominated in summer/post-confinement. PM2.5 levels and composition also varied with the types of air mass trajectories.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationGamelas, C. A., Canha, N., Vicente, A.,Silva, A., Borges, B., Alves, C., Kertesz, Z. & Almeida, S. M. (2023). Source apportionment of PM2.5 before and after COVID-19 lockdown in an urban-industrial area of the Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugal. Urban Climate, 49, 101446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101446pt_PT
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101446pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2212-0955
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/49446
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212095523000408?via%3Dihubpt_PT
dc.subjectParticulate matterpt_PT
dc.subjectPIXEpt_PT
dc.subjectUrban-industrial areapt_PT
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2pt_PT
dc.subjectPre- and post-confinement periodspt_PT
dc.subjectPositive Matrix Factorisationpt_PT
dc.titleSource apportionment of PM2.5 before and after COVID-19 lockdown in an urban-industrial area of the Lisbon metropolitan area, Portugalpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
person.familyNameGamelas Albuquerque Pinto Reis
person.givenNameCarla Alexandra
person.identifier.ciencia-id2219-54F2-BB9D
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa02aa459-55c4-4506-b8f2-5189e5c13124
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya02aa459-55c4-4506-b8f2-5189e5c13124

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