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Prevalência das disfunções do pavimento pélvico, e o efeito que o tempo de treino e modalidade tem no pavimento pélvico das atletas de desportos aquáticos : estudo survey
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Introdução: A disfunção do pavimento pélvico (DPP) compreende um conjunto de sinais, sintomas e condições que afetam o pavimento pélvico, sendo reconhecida como um problema prevalente entre atletas do sexo feminino, diminuindo a sua qualidade de vida e podendo levar ao abandono da prática desportiva. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das DPP em atletas de modalidades aquáticas e analisar o impacto do tempo de treino e modalidade na função do pavimento pélvico. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, tipo survey, com uma amostra de 55 atletas femininas. As atletas preencheram um questionário composto por duas partes: a primeira para a caracterização da amostra, e a segunda para a avaliação das alterações do pavimento pélvico e do tempo de prática das atletas, com recurso a três instrumentos validados para a população portuguesa (ICIQSF; Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire; IPAQ). Resultados: A prevalência global de DPP foi de 45,2 %, com maior incidência nas modalidades de crawl e mariposa.
Observou-se uma associação entre modalidades tecnicamente mais exigentes e maior prevalência de sintomas; contudo, não se verificou uma correlação significativa entre a carga horária semanal média (< 8 h) e a gravidade das DPP. Foram igualmente reportados sintomas nos domínios intestinal e sexual, sendo que a maioria das atletas referiu um impacto reduzido no seu quotidiano. Conclusão: As DPP são prevalentes em atletas de modalidades aquáticas, sobretudo em modalidades de maior exigência técnica, confirmando a natureza multifatorial destas disfunções. A ausência de associação com a carga horária sugere o contributo de outros fatores individuais e biomecânicos, reforçando a importância de maior sensibilização, avaliação sistemática e investigação dirigida nesta população.
Introduction: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) encompasses a range of signs, symptoms and conditions that impair pelvic floor function. It is a prevalent issue among female athletes, negatively impacting quality of life and potentially leading to discontinuation of sports practice. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PFD in female athletes practising aquatic sports and to analyse the influence of sport modality and weekly training volume on the occurrence of symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational survey conducted with a sample of 55 female athletes. Participants completed a structured questionnaire consisting of two sections: sociodemographic and sports-related characterisation, and assessment of pelvic floor function using three validated instruments for the Portuguese population (ICIQ-SF, Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire, IPAQ). Results: The overall prevalence of PFD was 45.2 %, with higher incidence observed in crawl and butterfly swimmers. An association was found between technically more demanding modalities and a higher prevalence of symptoms; however, no significant correlation was observed between mean weekly training volume (< 8 h) and the severity of PFD. Symptoms in the bowel and sexual domains were also reported, although most athletes perceived little or no impact on daily life. Conclusion: PFD is prevalent among female athletes in aquatic sports, particularly in modalities with higher technical demands, supporting the multifactorial nature of these dysfunctions. The absence of association with weekly training volume suggests the additional contribution of individual and biomechanical factors, underscoring the need for awareness, systematic assessment, and targeted research in this population.
Introduction: Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) encompasses a range of signs, symptoms and conditions that impair pelvic floor function. It is a prevalent issue among female athletes, negatively impacting quality of life and potentially leading to discontinuation of sports practice. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PFD in female athletes practising aquatic sports and to analyse the influence of sport modality and weekly training volume on the occurrence of symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational survey conducted with a sample of 55 female athletes. Participants completed a structured questionnaire consisting of two sections: sociodemographic and sports-related characterisation, and assessment of pelvic floor function using three validated instruments for the Portuguese population (ICIQ-SF, Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire, IPAQ). Results: The overall prevalence of PFD was 45.2 %, with higher incidence observed in crawl and butterfly swimmers. An association was found between technically more demanding modalities and a higher prevalence of symptoms; however, no significant correlation was observed between mean weekly training volume (< 8 h) and the severity of PFD. Symptoms in the bowel and sexual domains were also reported, although most athletes perceived little or no impact on daily life. Conclusion: PFD is prevalent among female athletes in aquatic sports, particularly in modalities with higher technical demands, supporting the multifactorial nature of these dysfunctions. The absence of association with weekly training volume suggests the additional contribution of individual and biomechanical factors, underscoring the need for awareness, systematic assessment, and targeted research in this population.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre na Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Disfunções do pavimento pélvico Modalidades aquáticas Exercício de baixo impacto Fisioterapia