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Paleomicrobioma oral de uma comunidade medieval/moderna de Arruda dos Vinhos : uma perspetiva interdisciplinar
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Os remanescentes esqueléticos humanos, assim como a sepultura onde são encontrados, são evidências essenciais para o conhecimento das populações passadas. O cálculo dentário constitui uma fonte valiosa de informação, preservando microrganismos e restos de alimentos. Por conseguinte, é um importante indicador da saúde oral, permitindo reconstruir aspetos da vida dessas populações. Adicionalmente, os microrganismos presentes na boca representam o microbioma oral e este corresponde à segunda maior comunidade microbiana do corpo humano, desempenhando um papel fundamental na saúde oral, mas também sistémica. Por isso, a análise microbiológica do tártaro pode permitir o estudo do paleomicrobioma oral e complementar a informação sobre a vida das comunidades do passado como o tipo de dieta, doenças e estilos de vida.
O presente estudo consistiu na análise de cálculo dentário de 14 indivíduos adultos, provenientes da necrópole medieval/moderna do adro da igreja da Nossa Senhora da Salvação, em Arruda dos Vinhos e cronologicamente situados entre os séculos XIV e XVI. Pretende-se realizar a caracterização biológica dos indivíduos assim como do seu paleomicrobioma oral e inferir aspetos da saúde oral, dieta e estilo de vida dos mesmos.
A partir das amostras de cálculo dentário foi efetuada a extração de ADN e sequenciação do gene 16S rRNA, tendo sido identificados filos e géneros microbianos associados a patologias orais como Bacillota, Actinomycetota, Parvimonas, Actinomyces e Methanobrevibacter. A análise patológica macroscópica revelou uma elevada percentagem de cáries, desgaste dentário, cálculo dentário, e hipoplasias lineares do esmalte dentário, sugerindo dietas abrasivas ricas em hidratos de carbono, higiene oral deficiente e stress fisiológico.
O estudo contribui não só para o conhecimento das populações passadas, mas também para o desenvolvimento de metodologias aplicáveis em contextos forenses, já que o perfil microbiano pode auxiliar na identificação humana.
Human skeletal remains, as well as the graves where they are found, are essential evidence for understanding past populations. Dental calculus is a valuable source of information, preserving microorganisms and food remains. Therefore, it is an important indicator of oral health, allowing us to reconstruct aspects of the lives of these populations. In addition, the microorganisms present in the mouth represent the oral microbiome, which is the second largest microbial community in the human body, playing a fundamental role in oral health, but also in systemic health. Therefore, microbiological analysis of tartar can enable the study of the oral paleomicrobiome and complement information about the life of past communities, such as diet, diseases and lifestyles. The present study consisted of the analysis of dental calculus from 14 adult individuals from the medieval/modern necropolis of the churchyard of Nossa Senhora da Salvação in Arruda dos Vinhos, chronologically situated between the 14th and 16th centuries. The aim is to carry out the biological characterisation of the individuals as well as their oral paleomicrobiome and to infer aspects of their oral health, diet and lifestyle. DNA was extracted from the dental calculus samples and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, identifying microbial phyla and genera associated with oral pathologies such as Bacillota, Actinomycetota, Parvimonas, Actinomyces and Methanobrevibacter. Macroscopic pathological analysis revealed a high percentage of caries, tooth wear, dental calculus, and linear hypoplasia of the tooth enamel, suggesting abrasive diets rich in carbohydrates, poor oral hygiene, and physiological stress. The study contributes not only to the knowledge of past populations but also to the development of methodologies applicable in forensic contexts, since microbial profiling can aid in human identification.
Human skeletal remains, as well as the graves where they are found, are essential evidence for understanding past populations. Dental calculus is a valuable source of information, preserving microorganisms and food remains. Therefore, it is an important indicator of oral health, allowing us to reconstruct aspects of the lives of these populations. In addition, the microorganisms present in the mouth represent the oral microbiome, which is the second largest microbial community in the human body, playing a fundamental role in oral health, but also in systemic health. Therefore, microbiological analysis of tartar can enable the study of the oral paleomicrobiome and complement information about the life of past communities, such as diet, diseases and lifestyles. The present study consisted of the analysis of dental calculus from 14 adult individuals from the medieval/modern necropolis of the churchyard of Nossa Senhora da Salvação in Arruda dos Vinhos, chronologically situated between the 14th and 16th centuries. The aim is to carry out the biological characterisation of the individuals as well as their oral paleomicrobiome and to infer aspects of their oral health, diet and lifestyle. DNA was extracted from the dental calculus samples and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced, identifying microbial phyla and genera associated with oral pathologies such as Bacillota, Actinomycetota, Parvimonas, Actinomyces and Methanobrevibacter. Macroscopic pathological analysis revealed a high percentage of caries, tooth wear, dental calculus, and linear hypoplasia of the tooth enamel, suggesting abrasive diets rich in carbohydrates, poor oral hygiene, and physiological stress. The study contributes not only to the knowledge of past populations but also to the development of methodologies applicable in forensic contexts, since microbial profiling can aid in human identification.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Cálculo dentário Gene 16S rRNA Paleopopulações Microbioma oral Medieval/Pós-Medieval