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Monitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysis

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorBijlsma, L.
dc.contributor.authorCelma, A.
dc.contributor.authorCastiglioni, S.
dc.contributor.authorSalgueiro-González, N.
dc.contributor.authorBou-Iserte, L.
dc.contributor.authorBaz-Lomba, J.A.
dc.contributor.authorReid, M.J.
dc.contributor.authorDias, M.J.
dc.contributor.authorLopes, A.
dc.contributor.authorMatias, J.
dc.contributor.authorPastor-Alcañiz, L.
dc.contributor.authorRadonić, J.
dc.contributor.authorTurk Sekulic, M.
dc.contributor.authorShine, T.
dc.contributor.authorvan Nuijs, A.L.N.
dc.contributor.authorHernandez, F.
dc.contributor.authorZuccato, E.
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-05T11:05:33Z
dc.date.available2023-04-05T11:05:33Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThe consumption of psychoactive substances is considered a growing problem in many communities. Moreover, new psychoactive substances (NPS) designed as (legal) substitutes to traditional illicit drugs are relatively easily available to the public through e-commerce and retail shops, but there is little knowledge regarding the extent and actual use of these substances. This study aims to gain new and complementary information on NPS and traditional illicit drug use at six music festivals across Europe by investigating wastewater and pooled urine. Samples were collected, between 2015 and 2018, at six music festivals across Europe with approximately 465.000 attendees. Wastewater samples were also collected during a period not coinciding with festivals. A wide-scope screening for 197 NPS, six illicit drugs and known metabolites was applied using different chromatography-mass spectrometric strategies. Several illicit drugs and in total 21 different NPS, mainly synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines and tryptamines, were identified in the samples. Ketamine and the traditional illicit drugs, such as amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabis and cocaine were most abundant and/or frequently detected in the samples collected, suggesting a higher use compared to NPS. The analyses of urine and wastewater is quick and a high number of attendees may be monitored anonymously by analysing only a few samples which allows identifying the local profiles of use of different drugs within a wide panel of psychoactive substances. This approach contributes to the development of an efficient surveillance system which can provide timely insight in the trends of NPS and illicit drugs use.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationBijlsma, L., Celma, A., Castiglioni, S., Salgueiro-González, N., Bou-Iserte, L., Baz-Lomba, J. A., Reid, M. J., Dias, M. J., Lopes, A., Matias, J., Pastor-Alcañiz, L., Radonić, J., Turk Sekulic, M., Shine, T., van Nuijs, A. L. N., Hernandez, F., & Zuccato, E. (2020). Monitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysis. The Science of the total environment, 725, 138376pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138376pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44451
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720318891pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectWastewater-based epidemiologypt_PT
dc.subjectNew psychoactive substancespt_PT
dc.subjectIllicit drugspt_PT
dc.subjectPooled urinept_PT
dc.subjectWastewaterpt_PT
dc.subjectMusic festivalspt_PT
dc.titleMonitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysispt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage138376pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleScience of The Total Environmentpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume725pt_PT
person.familyNameDias
person.givenNameMário
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5900-5899
person.identifier.scopus-author-id26221673200
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb24227f2-a261-4e33-ab53-3edf34744335
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb24227f2-a261-4e33-ab53-3edf34744335

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