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Synergistic Valorization of Refuse-Derived Fuel and Animal Fat Waste Through Dry and Hydrothermal Co-Carbonization
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
The demand for clean energy to improve waste valorization and enhance resource utilization efficiency has been increasingly recognized in the last few years. In this context, the
co-carbonization of different waste streams, aiming at solid fuel production, appears as
a potential strategy to address the challenges of the energy transition and divert waste
from landfills. In this work, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) samples were subjected to the cocarbonization process with low-quality animal fat waste in different proportions to assess
the synergistic effect of the mixture on producing chars with enhanced fuel properties. Dry
(DC) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) tests were conducted at 425 ◦C and 300 ◦C,
respectively, with a residence time of 30 min. The RDF sample and produced chars with
different animal fat incorporation were analyzed for their physical, chemical, and fuel
properties. The results demonstrated that increasing the fat proportion in the samples leads
to an increase in mass yield and apparent density of the produced chars. Furthermore, char
samples with higher fat addition presented a proportional increase in high heating value
(HHV). The highest values for the HHV corresponded to the char samples produced with
30% fat incorporation for both carbonization techniques (27.9 MJ/kg and 32.9 MJ/kg for
dry and hydrothermal carbonization, respectively). Fat addition also reduced ash content,
improved hydrophobicity in hydrochars, and lowered ignition temperature, although
additional washing was necessary to reduce chlorine to acceptable levels. Furthermore, fat
incorporation reduced concentrations of elements linked to slagging and fouling. Overall,
the results demonstrate that incorporating 30% fat into RDF during DC or HTC is the
most effective condition for producing chars with improved physical, chemical, and fuel
properties, enhancing their potential as alternative solid fuels.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
carbonization refused derived fuel animal fat energy recovery
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Longo, A.; Brito, P.; Gonçalves, M.; Nobre, C. Synergistic Valorization of Refuse-Derived Fuel and Animal Fat Waste Through Dry and Hydrothermal Co-Carbonization. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 9315. https:// doi.org/10.3390/app15179315