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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Com a presente dissertação de mestrado pretendo planear, projetar e conceber um
sistema de afundamento controlado de forma automática, que permita a uma determinada
plataforma desenvolver o seu afundamento principalmente na horizontal, mas também sendo
possível efetuar a um ângulo definido ao critério do utilizador, mediante ajustes nos sensores
e na programação. Na parte introdutória da dissertação, abordei a motivação da construção
deste sistema, fiz uma pequena mostra da aplicação de navios obsoletos no crescente
interesse da área do mergulho recreativo e comparei as vantagens e desvantagens do
afundamento tradicional com explosivos em relação ao afundamento controlado.
Na seção do enquadramento teórico, foram abordados conceitos que serviram de
base, para o estudo do comportamento da plataforma durante o processo de afundamento,
com base em princípios da Arquitetura Naval, nomeadamente, da Estabilidade. Estes
fundamentos teóricos permitiram avaliar com exatidão e fundamentação matemática, o
modo como se comporta a plataforma ao afundar e, com base nesses princípios, foi possível
fazer ajustes, correções e previsões de comportamento. Apesar de ter abordado o tema da
estabilidade em avaria, todos os cálculos efetuados foram baseados em conceitos da
Estabilidade Intacta, que baseia-se na manutenção estrutural do casco, durante todo o
processo, que ao contrário dos conceitos da Estabilidade em Avaria, o casco sofre uma ou
varias roturas.
Na secção da metodologia, aqui uma área de trabalho mais pessoal e prática, pude
com base em gráficos de carenas direitas, prever o modo de comportamento de uma corveta
da classe “Batista de Andrade”. Foi possível modelar e construir um sistema, de modo a
aferir o seu comportamento, garantindo que o afundamento tinha um desenvolvimento na
horizontal. Com a realização de eventuais correções, que se concentraram mais no
posicionamento dos sensores, de modo a não permitir que o modelo inclinasse demasiado.
Depois de efetuadas a provas no tanque e calibrado o sistema conclui que o sistema
funcionava como pretendido inicialmente. Garanti um afundamento horizontal e a
possibilidade em efetuar a paragem do processo, permanecendo o modelo na posição de
flutuação quando as válvulas eram fechadas, como irei demonstrar ao longo da dissertação.
With the present master dissertation, I pretend to plan, project and conceive a system of sinking controlled automatically, that allows to a given platform, develop his sinking mainly in the horizontal, but also being possible to perform by a selection of an angle defined by the user and adjusting the sensors and the programming. In the introductory part of the dissertation, I addressed the motivation in building of this system made; a small approach of the application of obsolete ships, in the increasing interest of the area of the recreational diving, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional sinking, with application of explosives in relation to the controlled sinking. In the section of the theoretical framework, were addressed concepts that served, as the basis on the study of the behaviour of the platform during the process of sinking, based on principles of the Naval Architecture, namely, the Stability. These theoretical foundations, allowed evaluating with accuracy and on mathematical basis, the way as the platform behaves when sinking, based on these principles. It was possible to make adjustments, corrections and forecasts of the behaviour. In spite, of having addressed the subject insert in damage stability, all the computation made were based in concepts of the Intact Stability, without that the integrity of the hull during all the process had been affected, like the concepts of damage stability makes reference. In the section of the methodology, here an area of work more personal and practical, I could base on hydrostatic charts curves to foresee the way of behaviour of a Portuguese corvette of the class “Batista of Andrade”. It was possible to mould and build a system, in order to assess the behaviour of opening and closing valves. Guarantee that the sinking developed in the horizontal, and perform eventual corrections, that I verified that´s concentrate´s more in the adjustment of the sensors, in a way to not allowing that the model heel too much, assuring always the smallest angle of inclination possible. After I made the proof tests in the tank and calibrated the system, I conclude that the system worked as pretended initially, ensuring an horizontal sinking, and was possible to make the stoppage of the process, remaining the model in the position of flotation when the valves were closed, as I will go to show along of the dissertation.
With the present master dissertation, I pretend to plan, project and conceive a system of sinking controlled automatically, that allows to a given platform, develop his sinking mainly in the horizontal, but also being possible to perform by a selection of an angle defined by the user and adjusting the sensors and the programming. In the introductory part of the dissertation, I addressed the motivation in building of this system made; a small approach of the application of obsolete ships, in the increasing interest of the area of the recreational diving, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional sinking, with application of explosives in relation to the controlled sinking. In the section of the theoretical framework, were addressed concepts that served, as the basis on the study of the behaviour of the platform during the process of sinking, based on principles of the Naval Architecture, namely, the Stability. These theoretical foundations, allowed evaluating with accuracy and on mathematical basis, the way as the platform behaves when sinking, based on these principles. It was possible to make adjustments, corrections and forecasts of the behaviour. In spite, of having addressed the subject insert in damage stability, all the computation made were based in concepts of the Intact Stability, without that the integrity of the hull during all the process had been affected, like the concepts of damage stability makes reference. In the section of the methodology, here an area of work more personal and practical, I could base on hydrostatic charts curves to foresee the way of behaviour of a Portuguese corvette of the class “Batista of Andrade”. It was possible to mould and build a system, in order to assess the behaviour of opening and closing valves. Guarantee that the sinking developed in the horizontal, and perform eventual corrections, that I verified that´s concentrate´s more in the adjustment of the sensors, in a way to not allowing that the model heel too much, assuring always the smallest angle of inclination possible. After I made the proof tests in the tank and calibrated the system, I conclude that the system worked as pretended initially, ensuring an horizontal sinking, and was possible to make the stoppage of the process, remaining the model in the position of flotation when the valves were closed, as I will go to show along of the dissertation.
Description
Keywords
Mergulho, afundamento, automação, estabilidade, estanqueidade, metacentro. Diving, sinking, automation, stability, tightness, metacenter