Immunotherapy in penile cancer: a systematic review

Fadigas, Filipe; Martins, Diana; Mendes, Fernando

Publication

Immunotherapy in penile cancer: a systematic review

2024-12-28Journal article

dc.contributor.author	Fadigas, Filipe
dc.contributor.author	Martins, Diana
dc.contributor.author	Mendes, Fernando
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-02T16:35:02Z
dc.date.available	2025-01-02T16:35:02Z
dc.date.issued	2024-12-28
dc.description.abstract	Penile cancer (PeCa) ranks as the 30th most prevalent cancer globally, predominantly affecting populations in developing countries. Phimosis and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection are recognized as the primary risk factors. Early-stage diagnosis typically warrants limited excision or non-invasive therapies. However, recent research into the carcinogenesis tumour microenvironment, and the role of the host immune system in its development suggests that immunotherapy could be a promising treatment for PeCa. The rarity of the disease, combined with the success of standard treatments and the fact that many patients in clinical trials lack alternative options, contributes to the challenges in patient recruitment for these studies. Additionally, the psychological burden stemming from the stigma associated with such an aggressive genital disease and the preference for quicker treatment options, such as surgery with reconstructive procedures, exacerbates these recruitment difficulties. This systematic review aimed to explore various immunotherapy approaches in treating PeCa to elucidate the potential role of immunotherapy in this context. The literature was sourced from freely accessible, full-text randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and original articles published in English between 2017 and 2023. Eligible clinical trials were required to be in phase 2 and have published results. Although only one study met the inclusion criteria—a significant limitation—the objective response rate recorded was 6% across nineteen patients with different tumour histologies, of which only six had PeCa. Currently, other studies are either recruiting or ongoing, necessitating further observation, as results from a single study cannot be generalized to the broader population.	pt_PT
dc.description.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion	pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi	10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20247710.154	pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn	0004-0614
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/53407
dc.language.iso	eng	pt_PT
dc.peerreviewed	yes	pt_PT
dc.publisher	Iniestares S.A.	pt_PT
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/	pt_PT
dc.subject	Penile neoplasms	pt_PT
dc.subject	Immunotherapy	pt_PT
dc.subject	Immune checkpoint inhibitors	pt_PT
dc.subject	Cancer vaccines	pt_PT
dc.subject	Tumour microenvironment	pt_PT
dc.subject	Neoplasias penianas	pt_PT
dc.subject	Imunoterapia	pt_PT
dc.subject	Inibidores de checkpoint imunológico	pt_PT
dc.subject	Vacinas antineoplásicas	pt_PT
dc.subject	Microambiente tumoral	pt_PT
dc.title	Immunotherapy in penile cancer: a systematic review	pt_PT
dc.type	journal article
dspace.entity.type	Publication
oaire.citation.conferencePlace	España	pt_PT
oaire.citation.endPage	1111	pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue	10	pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage	1102	pt_PT
oaire.citation.title	Archivos españoles de urología	pt_PT
oaire.citation.volume	77	pt_PT
person.familyName	Martins
person.familyName	Mendes
person.givenName	Diana
person.givenName	Fernando
person.identifier.ciencia-id	411F-DB62-27F7
person.identifier.ciencia-id	6B14-CDEA-CCAE
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0002-1457-8992
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0002-5205-8939
rcaap.rights	openAccess	pt_PT
rcaap.type	article	pt_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	27a35546-e9fe-4fbf-a943-781a7b0cf24d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication	80fd11cb-dd17-4836-a2b6-39a0b67b4663
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery	27a35546-e9fe-4fbf-a943-781a7b0cf24d