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Percorrer por autor "Zuccato, Ettore"

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  • Screening of recently seized new psychoactive substances in urine of potential consumers and urban wastewater
    Publication . Celma, Alberto; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Sancho, Juan V.; Hernandez, Felix; Dias, Mário; Simões, Susana; Salgueiro, Noelia; Castiglioni, Sara; Zuccato, Ettore
    NewPsychoactive Substances (NPS) areconstantly being developed as legalsubstitution of traditional drugs of abuse.Although the traditional drugs maintain popular, new drugs are regularly introduced, changing the drug market ceaselessly. Monitoring NPS and its consumption is challengingas these compoundsare normally missed in routine drug analysis. Users do often not exactly know what they consume andinformation available islimitedof what is being sold. Furthermore, very little information exists onmetabolism of these newly introduced NPS. This highlights the needof applying a strategic workflow making use of modernanalytical techniques to face this novel public health safety challenge.The workflowpresented in this work consists of three stages: i)the creation of a databaseincluding approximately 200 NPS. These NPS wererecently reported to the National Early Warning Systems (EWS) ofSpain andItaly and the EWS of the European Monitoring Center for Drugsand Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). ii) The collection of urine samples of individuals suspected of drug consumption, pooled urine samples from festivals and urban wastewater samples. iii) The screening of NPS using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution massspectrometry with a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer. Although the database is under constant development,including NPS reported to be present in wastewaters around Europe, new compounds appearing in the market, as well as metabolites reported in the literature, the workflow applied allowed the detection of several unchanged NPS in urine and pooled urine samples. In several cases, NPSwere also detected in wastewater samples, which indicatesthat consumptionof some of these compounds is elevated. The absence of reference standards for several NPS found, as well as for some NPS metabolites, made it unfeasible the full confirmation of some compounds in the urine/wastewater samples analyzed. However, accurate-mass full-spectrum data provided by HRMS allowed their tentative identification with high degree of reliability. The subsequent acquisition of reference standards, when available, will allow the unequivocal confirmation of their identity.
    2017Documento de conferência Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring
    Publication . González‐Mariño, Iria; Baz‐Lomba, Jose Antonio; Alygizakis, Nikiforos A.; Andrés‐Costa, Maria Jesus; Bade, Richard; Bannwarth, Anne; Barron, Leon P.; Been, Frederic; Benaglia, Lisa; Berset, Jean‐Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Bodík, Igor; Brenner, Asher; Brock, Andreas L.; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castrignanò, Erika; Celma, Alberto; Christophoridis, Christophoros E.; Covaci, Adrian; Delémont, Olivier; Voogt, Pim; Devault, Damien A.; Dias, Mário; Emke, Erik; Esseiva, Pierre; Fatta‐Kassinos, Despo; Fedorova, Ganna; Fytianos, Konstantinos; Gerber, Cobus; Grabic, Roman; Gracia‐Lor, Emma; Grüner, Stefan; Gunnar, Teemu; Hapeshi, Evroula; Heath, Ester; Helm, Björn; Hernández, Félix; Kankaanpaa, Aino; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk‐Hordern, Barbara; Krizman‐Matasic, Ivona; Lai, Foon Yin; Lechowicz, Wojciech; Lopes, Alvaro; López de Alda, Miren; López‐García, Ester; Löve, Arndís S. C.; Mastroianni, Nicola; McEneff, Gillian L.; Montes, Rosa; Munro, Kelly; Nefau, Thomas; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake W.; Oertel, Reinhard; Olafsdottir, Kristin; Picó, Yolanda; Plósz, Benedek G.; Polesel, Fabio; Postigo, Cristina; Quintana, José Benito; Ramin, Pedram; Reid, Malcolm J.; Rice, Jack; Rodil, Rosario; Salgueiro‐González, Noelia; Schubert, Sara; Senta, Ivan; Simões, Susana; Sremacki, Maja M.; Styszko, Katarzyna; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.; Thomas, Kevin V.; Tscharke, Ben J.; Udrisard, Robin; Nuijs, Alexander L. N.; Yargeau, Viviane; Zuccato, Ettore; Castiglioni, Sara; Ort, Christoph
    Background and aims Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population‐normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011–17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. Design Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. Measurements Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world‐wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011–13 drug loads versus 2014–17 loads. Findings Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North–Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. Conclusions The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real‐time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.
    2019Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais