Browsing by Author "Santos, Margarida"
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- Assistência na Doença aos Militares das Forças Armadas (ADM) – Que futuro?Publication . Santos, MargaridaEste trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a sustentabilidade da Assistência na Doença aos Militares (ADM), enquanto sistema autofinanciável. O autofinanciamento da ADM, com recurso exclusivo aos descontos efetuados pelos beneficiários, está, aparentemente em contradição com as disposições legais associadas à condição militar e isenta o Estado das suas obrigações. Esta é uma temática atual, cuja análise justifica um tratamento específico e singular, em consonância com as particularidades da condição militar, devendo, por isso, ser ponderados os diversos fatores condicionantes. Assim, partindo das despesas processadas pela ADM face às fontes de financiamento existentes, tentamos responder à questão central formulada - “Em que medida a ADM é sustentável e autofinanciável, com recurso exclusivo aos descontos dos beneficiários?”. Analisamos também se o regime optativo coloca em causa a sustentabilidade da ADM e em que medida esta decisão é condicionada pela perceção de que as disposições legais, relativas à condição militar, estão ou não a ser cumpridas. Concluímos que a ADM não é um sistema autofinanciável com recurso exclusivo aos descontos dos beneficiários, pelo menos por agora, pois suporta despesas que não são sua responsabilidade. Verificamos também que a maioria dos inquiridos, em caso de regime optativo, optaria por não descontar para a ADM, considerando o desconto elevado. Abstract: The Self-financing of the assistance in disease to Military (ADM) , with exclusive resource at the beneficiaries discounts , is disassociated from the military condition and relieves the State of its obligations. This is a current topic, whose analysis justifies specific and unique treatment in consonance with the characteristics of the military condition and should therefore be considered the various conditioning factors. This work aims to analyze the ADM sustainability, while a self-financing system. Thus, based on the expenses processed by ADM, as compared with existing funding sources, we try to answer the central question formulated - "To what extent ADM is sustainable and self-financing, with exclusive resource at the discounts of beneficiaries?". We also analysed if the optional regime puts into question the sustainability of ADM and to what extent this decision is conditioned by the perception that the legal provisions relating to the military condition, are being met or not. We conclude that ADM is not a self-financing system, with exclusive resource at the discounts of beneficiaries, at least for now and that supports expenses that are not their responsibility. We also verified that the majority of the inquired, would choose not discount for ADM, if optional regime is available, and considers the discount high.
- Prevalence of vocal problems in portuguese primary and secondary shool level teachersPublication . Mendes, Ana; Salema, Luís; Rodrigues, Américo; Conceição, Iolanda; Bonança, Íris; Santos, MargaridaThis study compared the prevalence of vocal problems in two Portuguese groups: 73 teachers that use their voice as professional tool (teachers’ group) and 73 non-voice professionals (control group). It also identified the risk factors that contributed to teachers’ group voice problems. A questionnaire was applied to both goups in order to obtain information about vocal health, hygiene and behavior, professional activity and general physical health. Statistical results revealed that the teachers’ group presented a higher prevalence of vocal problems than the control group: 52% reported hoarseness, 46.6% vocal fatigue and 45.2% vocal discomfort compared with 31.5%, 20.5 % e 28.7%, respectively. Environmental factors (eg., smoke and cold temperatures), vocal abuse and upper respiratory pathologies (e.g., colds, laryngitis and pharyngitis) seemed to increase teachers’ voice disorders (p-value < .05). In conclusion, the absence of vocal pedagogy in the curricular plan of teachers’ higher education associated to poor working environmental conditions and professional voice demands explained the higher prevalence of vocal problems in teachers’ group.