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- IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels according to the periodontal status in Portuguese pregnant womenPublication . Machado, Vanessa; Mesquita, Maria Fernanda; Bernardo, Maria Alexandra; Casal, Ester; Proença, Luís; Mendes, José JoãoBackground Periodontitis is associated with increased concentration of inflammatory markers and saliva has been proposed as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid in oral and systemic diseases. The levels of salivary biomarkers, such as cytokines, could potentially be used to distinguish periodontal healthy individuals from subjects with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize the salivary levels of two inflammatory biomarkers associated with periodontitis, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in order to assess whether these cytokines salivary levels could potentially be used to complement periodontitis pregnant women diagnose.