Browsing by Author "Antunes, Mafalda Baptista Dias"
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- Recurrence rates of oral leukoplakia : a retrospective study on a portuguese study populationPublication . Antunes, Mafalda Baptista Dias; Trancoso, Pedro; Mascarenhas, PauloObjective: To evaluate the recurrence rate of oral leukoplakia over time and the associated risk factors, including epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics, in patients from an Oral Medicine and Surgery clinic in Portugal. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical records of oral leukoplakia since 1992 was carried out. Data was extracted on gender, age, lesion location, clinical and histopathological diagnosis, degree of dysplasia, treatment and risk factors such as tobacco consumption and systemic pathologies. Exclusion criteria included insufficient records, inconclusive diagnoses or white lesions not diagnosed as leukoplakia. The data was analysed between October and December 2023. Results: The recurrence rate was 36.4 %, with most cases present with a single or double recurrence, while multiple recurrences were relatively uncommon. Malignant transformation occurred in 3.0 per cent of cases. The average age of the patients was 59.11 years. Age was identified as a weak risk factor for multiple recurrences, with an associated increase of about 6.5% and respiratory diseases increase the risk multiple recurrences of oral leukoplakia in 12.7 times when present. Immunological pathologies showed an increased the risk of recurrence by 9.35 times. Compared to smokers, non-smokers showed an average increase in the risk of recurrence of around 16.6 times. Conclusion: The recurrence of oral leukoplakia was observed in 36.4% of patients, with the majority presenting one or two recurrences. Respiratory diseases were identified as a significant risk factor for multiple recurrences, with an estimated odds ratio of 12.7. Other factors, including immunological diseases and smoking habits, were also found to influence the risk of recurrence. The study highlights the importance of close monitoring and underscores the need for further research to enhance understanding of the risk factors and recurrence of OL.