Browsing by Author "Abreu, Sandra"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Association between sodium excretion and hydration status by Free Water Reserve: a cross-sectional analysis in adolescentsPublication . Gonçalves, Carla; Abreu, Sandra; Padrão, Patrícia; Pinho, Olívia; Graça, Pedro; Breda, João; Santos, Rute; Moreira, PedroBackground: Excessive sodium intake is excreted through urine and could affect hydration status. This study aims to describe hydration status in adolescents and to assess the association between hydration status by free water reserve (FWR) and urinary sodium excretion. Methods: Two hundred participants (118 girls), aged 13–18 years completed the study. Median urinary sodium excretion was measured in one 24-hour collection and was used as a proxy for sodium intake. FWR (measured urine volume minus the obligatory urine volume) was used for characterization of hydration status, and linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between urinary sodium excretion and FWR, adjusted for water and energy intake in boys and carbohydrate, fiber, and water intake in girls. Results: The participants median urinary sodium excretion was 3645.5 mg/d for boys and 2702.5 mg/d for girls (p < 0.001). Median FWR was positive in both sex groups; however, 40.2 % of boys and 31.4 % of girls (p = 0.195) were at risk of hypo-hydration status. Linear regression models showed that urinary sodium excretion was a significant predictor of FWR for both sexes (Crude Model β = 0.114, p = 0.003 for boys and β = 0.160, p < 0.001 for girls; Adjusted Model β = 0.120, p = 0.002 for boys and β = 0.142, p < 0.001 for girls). Conclusions: Nearly one third of subjects were at risk of hypo-hydration. Higher sodium excretion was associated with a better hydration status obtained by FWR. However, as the majority of subjects consume sodium above recommendations, preventive measures to promote better hydration status should focus in increasing the level of total water intake.
- Sodium and potassium urinary excretion and dietary intake: a cross-sectional analysis in adolescentsPublication . Gonçalves, Carla; Abreu, Sandra; Padrão, Patrícia; Graça, Pedro; Breda, João; Moreira, Pedro; et alBackground: Hypertension is the leading cause for heart disease and stroke, for mortality and morbidity worldwide, and a high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio is considered a stronger risk factor for hypertension than sodium alone. Objective: This study aims to evaluate sodium and potassium urinary excretion, and assess the food sources of these nutrients in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Design: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 250 Portuguese adolescents. Sodium and potassium excretion were measured by one 24-h urinary collection, and the coefficient of creatinine was used to validate completeness of urine collections. Dietary sources of sodium and potassium were assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Results: Valid urine collections were provided by 200 adolescents (118 girls) with a median age of 14.0 in both sexes (p 0.295). Regarding sodium, the mean urinary excretion was 3,725 mg/day in boys and 3,062 mg/day in girls (pB0.01), and 9.8% of boys and 22% of girls met the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for sodium intake. Concerning potassium, the mean urinary excretion was 2,237 mg/day in boys and 1,904 mg/day in girls (pB0.01), and 6.1% of boys and 1.7% of girls met theWHOrecommendations for potassium intake. Major dietary sources for sodium intake were cereal and cereal products (41%), meat products (16%), and milk and milk products (11%); and for potassium intake, main sources were milk and milk products (21%), meat products (17%), and vegetables (15%). Conclusions: Adolescents had a high-sodium and low-potassium diet, well above the WHO recommendations. Health promotion interventions are needed in order to decrease sodium and increase potassium intake.