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Autocompaixão e autoeficácia como mediadores da associação entre acontecimentos adversos na infância e ansiedade social em estudantes universitários
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A presente Dissertação tem como principal objetivo analisar se a autocompaixão e a autoeficácia são mediadores da associação entre a acontecimentos adversos na infância (AAI) e a ansiedade social em estudantes universitários. A amostra é composta por 260 estudantes universitários entre os 18 e os 21 anos (M = 19.8; DP = 1.1), incluindo 215 do sexo feminino e 45 do sexo masculino. Utilizando uma técnica de amostragem de conveniência, foi enviado um convite para participar num questionário online a todos os participantes. Os participantes foram recrutados através de listas de correio eletrónico e redes sociais, e foi disponibilizado um consentimento informado antes do preenchimento do questionário online. O protocolo de avaliação abrangeu um questionário sociodemográfico, a Lista de Acontecimentos Adversos, a Escala de Ansiedade Social para Adolescentes (SAS-A), a Escala de Autocompaixão (SCS) e a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral (GSE). Os resultados das intercorrelações entre as variáveis do estudo demonstraram associações entre exposição direta a acontecimentos adversos e autoeficácia, autoeficácia e autocompaixão, autoeficácia e sintomas de ansiedade social e, por fim, autocompaixão e sintomas de ansiedade social. A análise de mediação em série demonstrou que maiores níveis de exposição a AAI estavam associados a maiores níveis de autoeficácia que, por sua vez, estavam associados a menores níveis de sintomas de ansiedade social. Para o desenvolvimento de novas investigações, é sugerida uma análise da associação entre a exposição direta a AAI e sintomas de ansiedade social em estudantes universitários com maiores níveis de exposição, do efeito moderador da autocompaixão na associação entre a exposição direta a AAI e sintomas de ansiedade social, do efeito de novas variáveis (resiliência, crescimento pós-traumático, suporte social) e a administração do SCID-5-CV para estabelecimento do diagnóstico clínico de PAS. Por fim, são elaboradas propostas de intervenção clínica para a promoção da autocompaixão e autoeficácia.
The present Dissertation aims to analyze whether self-compassion and self-efficacy are mediators of the association between adverse childhood events (ACE) and social anxiety in university students. The sample comprises 260 university students aged between 18 and 21 years (M = 19.8; SD = 1.1), including 215 females and 45 males. Using a convenience sampling technique, an invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to all participants. Participants were recruited through email lists and social media, and informed consent was provided prior to completing the online survey. The assessment protocol comprised a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Events List, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). Results of intercorrelations between study variables demonstrated associations between direct exposure to ACE and self-efficacy, self-efficacy and self-compassion, self-efficacy and social anxiety symptoms, and finally, self-compassion and social anxiety symptoms. Serial mediation analysis showed that higher levels of exposure to ACE were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy which in turn were associated with lower levels of social anxiety symptoms. For the development of further investigations, an analysis of the association between direct exposure to ACE and social anxiety symptoms in college students with higher levels of exposure, of the moderating effect of self-compassion on the association between direct exposure to ACE and social anxiety symptoms, of the effect of new variables (resilience, post-traumatic growth, social support) and the administration of the SCID-5-CV for establishing the clinical diagnosis of SAD are suggested. Finally, clinical intervention proposals for the promotion of self-compassion and self-efficacy are made.
The present Dissertation aims to analyze whether self-compassion and self-efficacy are mediators of the association between adverse childhood events (ACE) and social anxiety in university students. The sample comprises 260 university students aged between 18 and 21 years (M = 19.8; SD = 1.1), including 215 females and 45 males. Using a convenience sampling technique, an invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to all participants. Participants were recruited through email lists and social media, and informed consent was provided prior to completing the online survey. The assessment protocol comprised a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Events List, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE). Results of intercorrelations between study variables demonstrated associations between direct exposure to ACE and self-efficacy, self-efficacy and self-compassion, self-efficacy and social anxiety symptoms, and finally, self-compassion and social anxiety symptoms. Serial mediation analysis showed that higher levels of exposure to ACE were associated with higher levels of self-efficacy which in turn were associated with lower levels of social anxiety symptoms. For the development of further investigations, an analysis of the association between direct exposure to ACE and social anxiety symptoms in college students with higher levels of exposure, of the moderating effect of self-compassion on the association between direct exposure to ACE and social anxiety symptoms, of the effect of new variables (resilience, post-traumatic growth, social support) and the administration of the SCID-5-CV for establishing the clinical diagnosis of SAD are suggested. Finally, clinical intervention proposals for the promotion of self-compassion and self-efficacy are made.
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Keywords
Acontecimentos adversos na infância Ansiedade social Autocompaixão Autoeficácia Estudantes universitários