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Stress : o impacto no sistema imunitário
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 2.45 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquadramento teórico: O maior desafio para o sistema imunitário consiste em manter a homeostasia perante mudanças constantes de natureza interna e externa. Este pode ser moldado por eventos stressantes e estados psicológicos do indivíduo. Sendo o stress uma característica bastante vigente na sociedade atual é pertinente perceber se este poderá ou não influenciar o sistema imunitário.
Objetivos: Primário: perceber como o stress poderá ter impacto no sistema imunitário, de forma a compreender o funcionamento deste e o modo como o stress interfere. Secundário: perceber a interação entre o sistema imunitário e o sistema nervoso, funcionando como base para a compreensão do stress na resposta imunitária.
Materiais e métodos: Foi efetuada uma revisão da narrativa com base numa recolha e pesquisa bibliográfica científica, com recurso a base de dados como: Medline, Pubmed e Cochrane Library e revistas científicas como: Nature.
Resultados: O sistema imunitário e o sistema nervoso interagem de forma bidirecional, existindo, quer em condições homeostáticas e patológicas, células e componentes do sistema imunitário permanentemente no sistema nervoso. A resposta ao stress, é mediada por duas vias, resultando na libertação de glucocorticoides e catecolaminas. Dos estudos consultados, depreende-se que o sistema imunitário funcione como intermediário entre o stress e o desenvolvimento de doenças, por mecanismos desregulados de inflamação e imunossupressão. O stress está envolvido na/o: (i) ativação da imunidade materna, (ii) indução de alterações na microglia no período pós-natal, (iii) doenças cardíacas, (iv) asma e (v) cancro.
Conclusão: Sendo o stress frequente na sociedade atual e considerado um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de patologias, é essencial que se façam estudos adicionais de forma a melhorar a compreensão de como este interfere com o sistema imunitário e o sistema nervoso, podendo providenciar conhecimento para a compreensão da patogenicidade das doenças e novas abordagens terapêuticas.
Background: The greatest challenge for the immune system is to maintain homeostasis in the face of constant internal and external changes. This can be shaped by stressful events and psychological states of the individual. Since stress is a very common feature in today's society, it is pertinent to understand whether or not it can influence the immune system. Objectives: Primary: to understand how stress may impact the immune system, in order to understand how it works and how stress interferes. Secondary: to understand the interaction between the immune system and the nervous system, acting as a basis for understanding stress on the immune response. Materials and methods: A narrative review was carried out based on a scientific literature search using databases such as Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, and scientific journals such as Nature. Results: The immune system and the nervous system interact in a bidirectional way, existing, both in homeostatic and pathological conditions, cells and components of the immune system permanently in the nervous system. The stress response is mediated by two pathways, resulting in the release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines. From the studies consulted, it appears that the immune system functions as an intermediary between stress and the development of disease through dysregulated mechanisms of inflammation and immunosuppression. Stress is involved in: (i) activation of maternal immunity, (ii) induction of changes in microglia in the postnatal period, (iii) heart diseases, (iv) asthma and (v) cancer. Conclusion: Since stress is common in today's society and is considered a risk factor for the development of diseases, it is essential that further studies be conducted to improve the understanding of how stress interferes with the immune system and nervous system and may provide knowledge for understanding the pathogenicity of diseases and new therapeutic approaches.
Background: The greatest challenge for the immune system is to maintain homeostasis in the face of constant internal and external changes. This can be shaped by stressful events and psychological states of the individual. Since stress is a very common feature in today's society, it is pertinent to understand whether or not it can influence the immune system. Objectives: Primary: to understand how stress may impact the immune system, in order to understand how it works and how stress interferes. Secondary: to understand the interaction between the immune system and the nervous system, acting as a basis for understanding stress on the immune response. Materials and methods: A narrative review was carried out based on a scientific literature search using databases such as Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, and scientific journals such as Nature. Results: The immune system and the nervous system interact in a bidirectional way, existing, both in homeostatic and pathological conditions, cells and components of the immune system permanently in the nervous system. The stress response is mediated by two pathways, resulting in the release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines. From the studies consulted, it appears that the immune system functions as an intermediary between stress and the development of disease through dysregulated mechanisms of inflammation and immunosuppression. Stress is involved in: (i) activation of maternal immunity, (ii) induction of changes in microglia in the postnatal period, (iii) heart diseases, (iv) asthma and (v) cancer. Conclusion: Since stress is common in today's society and is considered a risk factor for the development of diseases, it is essential that further studies be conducted to improve the understanding of how stress interferes with the immune system and nervous system and may provide knowledge for understanding the pathogenicity of diseases and new therapeutic approaches.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Sistema imunitário Neuroimunologia Stress Inflamação