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Publication
Modelização em linguagem AMPL para otimização do fluxo de entrada e saída em aeroportos
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As operações de aterragem e descolagem de um aeroporto, em qualquer dia, são descritas
em termos das envolventes de capacidade associadas a configurações do sistema de pistas, dos
voos programados ao longo do dia e das tolerâncias dos atrasos predefinidas para ambos os
tipos de operações. Assumindo que os tempos entre chegadas e os tempos de serviço são
variáveis aleatórias com fatores quadráticos de momentos conhecidos, é possível identificar um
parâmetro, o tempo de espera estável associado a cada serviço e intervalo temporal, que mede
o desempenho do aeroporto ao longo do dia. A alocação de voos em intervalos temporais
posteriores permite eliminar saturações ou até mesmo congestionamentos no sistema de filas de
espera. Tendo em conta os custos associados a mudanças no programa diário de voos, estas
transferências de voos devem trazer benefícios para o desempenho do aeroporto. Embora as
restrições nas taxas de serviço e a definição dos tempos de espera sejam não lineares, a
descrição da capacidade do sistema de pistas utilizando pontos de controlo permite realizar uma
otimização do serviço fornecido pelo sistema de pistas dentro do modelo geral de programação
linear, minimizando custos associados a atrasos. Recorrendo à linguagem AMPL, é modelada a
dinâmica das filas de espera nas pistas do aeroporto, ao longo de um dia concreto, sendo
conhecidas as previsões horárias de voos e as envolventes de capacidades características desse
mesmo aeroporto. Assim, é fornecida ao gestor de operações uma ferramenta de auxílio à
tomada de decisão relativa à dimensão dos serviços a serem concluídos ao longo desse dia, de
forma a que resultem tempos de espera mínimos para os aviões que pretendem aterrar e
descolar.
The landing and takeoff operations for an airport, at any given day, are described in terms of the capacity envelopes associated to runway system configurations, of the scheduled flights along the day and of predefined delay tolerances for both types of operations. Assuming the interarrival times and service times are random variables with known quadratic ratio of momenta, it is possible to identify a parameter, the stable transit time associated to each service and slot, that measures the performance of the airport along the day. The allocation of flights in posterior time slots allows the elimination of saturations or even of congestions in the queuing system. Taking into account the costs associated with changes in the daily flight program, these transferences of flights should bring benefits to the performance of the airport. Even though constraints on service rates and definition of transit times are nonlinear, the description of runway system capacity using control points allows the performance of an optimization of the service given by the runway system in the general linear programming framework, minimizing costs associated to delays. Using AMPL language, the dynamics of queues on airport runways over the course of a specific day are modeled, with flight schedules and the characteristic capacity envelopes of that airport. Thus, the operations manager is provided with a tool to aid with decision-making regarding the size of services to be completed throughout that day, so that minimal waiting times result for airplanes intending to land or takeoff.
The landing and takeoff operations for an airport, at any given day, are described in terms of the capacity envelopes associated to runway system configurations, of the scheduled flights along the day and of predefined delay tolerances for both types of operations. Assuming the interarrival times and service times are random variables with known quadratic ratio of momenta, it is possible to identify a parameter, the stable transit time associated to each service and slot, that measures the performance of the airport along the day. The allocation of flights in posterior time slots allows the elimination of saturations or even of congestions in the queuing system. Taking into account the costs associated with changes in the daily flight program, these transferences of flights should bring benefits to the performance of the airport. Even though constraints on service rates and definition of transit times are nonlinear, the description of runway system capacity using control points allows the performance of an optimization of the service given by the runway system in the general linear programming framework, minimizing costs associated to delays. Using AMPL language, the dynamics of queues on airport runways over the course of a specific day are modeled, with flight schedules and the characteristic capacity envelopes of that airport. Thus, the operations manager is provided with a tool to aid with decision-making regarding the size of services to be completed throughout that day, so that minimal waiting times result for airplanes intending to land or takeoff.
Description
Keywords
Taxa de procura Taxa de serviço Sistema de filas de espera Configurações das pistas Tempo de espera estável Programação linear Demand rate Service rate Queuing system Runway configurations Stable transit time Linear programming