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A evidência científica, sugere desde há largas décadas o quanto as relações estabelecidas com os cuidadores e a construção de um vínculo seguro, são modelos fundamentais sobre os quais o ser humano cresce, que adquirem uma significância crescente ao longo do ciclo de vida, servindo como base do desenvolvimento psicossocial da criança. É também amplamente estudado o quanto a prematuridade é um fator potencialmente capaz de impactar inúmeras áreas da vida não só da família, mas maioritariamente da mãe, trazendo por vezes dificuldades na criação da relação mãe-bebé. Fatores impactantes no sistema familiar e, principalmente, na vivência materna do nascimento do seu/sua filho/a prematuro, podem ser facilitadores ou não da criação de um vínculo seguro entre a díade. Desta forma, foi efetuado um estudo qualitativo exploratório acerca das perceções maternas sobre a prematuridade e as fases que se seguem após o nascimento do bebé prematuro. Foram conduzidas quatro entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, analisadas através de um procedimento de análise temática e de conteúdo (Bardin, 2009).
Como resultados obtidos, é possível dividi-los em dois grupos, essenciais na fase da análise e discussão dos resultados: uma experiência materna manifestamente mais positiva, uma experiência que não se enquadra no extremo positivo ou negativo, e duas experiências onde os sentimentos negativos foram frequentemente mais relatados, e por isso analisados e discutidos, em comparação. Mães que relatam menor perceção de autoeficácia, défice entre a expectativa face aos cuidados prestados versus cuidados prestados, privação de contacto com o bebé, mais sentimentos de culpa face ao parto prematuro, percecionam, de modo geral, maior dificuldade no processamento da experiência da prematuridade, podendo ser um sinal de alerta para a construção de um vínculo seguro.
Scientific evidence has suggested for many decades how much the relationships established with caregivers are fundamental models on which human beings grow. It is also widely studied how prematurity is a factor potentially capable of impacting innumerable areas of life, not only of the family, but mostly of the mother, sometimes bringing difficulties in creating the mother-baby relationship. Impacting factors in the family system and, mainly, in the maternal experience of the birth of her/his premature child, may or may not facilitate the creation of a secure bond between the dyad. In this way, a qualitative and exploratory study was carried out on the maternal perceptions of prematurity and the stages that follow after the birth of the premature baby, four semi-structured interviews were carried out, analyzed through a thematic and content analysis procedure (Bardin, 2009). As results obtained, it is possible to divide them into two groups, essential in the phase of analysis and discussion of the results: a manifestly more positive maternal experience, an experience that does not fit into the positive or negative extreme, and two experiences where the negative feelings were frequently more reported, and therefore analyzed and discussed, in comparison. Mothers who report a lower perception of self-efficacy, a deficit between the expectation of the care provided versus the care actually provided, deprivation of contact with the baby, more feelings of guilt in the face of premature birth, generally perceive greater difficulty in processing the experience of prematurity, which may be a warning sign for building a safe bond.
Scientific evidence has suggested for many decades how much the relationships established with caregivers are fundamental models on which human beings grow. It is also widely studied how prematurity is a factor potentially capable of impacting innumerable areas of life, not only of the family, but mostly of the mother, sometimes bringing difficulties in creating the mother-baby relationship. Impacting factors in the family system and, mainly, in the maternal experience of the birth of her/his premature child, may or may not facilitate the creation of a secure bond between the dyad. In this way, a qualitative and exploratory study was carried out on the maternal perceptions of prematurity and the stages that follow after the birth of the premature baby, four semi-structured interviews were carried out, analyzed through a thematic and content analysis procedure (Bardin, 2009). As results obtained, it is possible to divide them into two groups, essential in the phase of analysis and discussion of the results: a manifestly more positive maternal experience, an experience that does not fit into the positive or negative extreme, and two experiences where the negative feelings were frequently more reported, and therefore analyzed and discussed, in comparison. Mothers who report a lower perception of self-efficacy, a deficit between the expectation of the care provided versus the care actually provided, deprivation of contact with the baby, more feelings of guilt in the face of premature birth, generally perceive greater difficulty in processing the experience of prematurity, which may be a warning sign for building a safe bond.
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Keywords
Vinculação Estilos de vinculação Prematuridade Perceção da experiência materna Interação mãe-bebé