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Influência do enrelvamento na produtividade de um pomar jovem de Actinidia deliciosa ‘BO-Erica®
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Abstract(s)
Num estudo realizado na Quinta de Cabanelas na freguesia de Brito, Guimarães (Portugal), foram testados três sistemas de enrelvamento com o objetivo de verificar a sua influência na primeira produção de um pomar de actinidias ‘Bo-Erica®’. O ensaio consistiu na instalação de duas consociações com gramíneas e leguminosas e um enrelvamento com vegetação espontânea (testemunha), estabelecendo-se as seguintes modalidades: Modalidade A (Trifolium repens 35%; Trifolium subterraneum ssp. Subterraneum 10% e Trifolium incarnatum 10%; Lolium perenne 10% e Lolium multiflorum 35%), Modalidade B (Trifolium repens 3%; Lolium perenne 30%; Poa pratensis 5% e Festuca arundinacea 62%) e a Testemunha era composta por vegetação espontânea. Cada modalidade foi repetida 2 vezes e cada repetição tem uma área total de 2250 m2 que compreende uma linha completa de plantas (96 plantas femininas e 16 plantas masculinas) e 2 entrelinhas de enrelvamento. Assim, para a instalação do enrelvamento utilizou-se 5 kg de mistura de sementes para uma área de entrelinha de 1710 m2. Após a condução do ensaio por 15 meses (outubro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019), foi possível verificar que a modalidade A foi a que mais matéria verde produziu (2,05±0,07 kg/MV/m2) e a testemunha, a que menos matéria verde produziu (0,734±0,1 kg/MV/m2). Relativamente à modalidade B apresentou uma produção de matéria verde de 1,15±0,08 kg/MV/m2.Quanto à produção de fruto, totalizou-se 54933,3 kg em 14,6 ha em que 94,2 % corresponde ao fruto comercializável e 5,8 % ao refugo, também é possível afirmar que existiu uma produtividade média de 3762,6 kg/ha. Quanto às modalidades estudadas não existiram diferenças significativas, a modalidade A totalizou uma produção de 2004 kg que corresponde a uma produtividade média de 8906 kg/ha e obtiveram-se os valores de 119 g de peso médio por fruto; 5,6±0,49 kgf/0,5cm2 de firmeza média e 8,72±0,53 ºBrix. A modalidade B totalizou uma produção de 2008 kg que corresponde a uma produtividade média de 8924 kg/ha e obtiveram-se os valores de 120 g peso médio por fruto; 5,6±0,53 kgf/0,5cm2 firmeza média; 8,75±0,50 ºBrix e a testemunha apresentou uma produção total de 2007 kg que corresponde a uma produtividade média de 9820 kg/ha, em que o peso médio por fruto foi 118 g; 5,6±0,54 kgf/0,5cm2 firmeza média e 8,79±0,49 ºBrix.O presente estudo demonstra a importância do enrelvamento e como este se destaca nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da cultura principal. A sua continuação durante mais anos é relevante para a consolidação de dados e apresentação de diferenças significativas na produção e qualidade do fruto.
In a study carried out at Quinta de Cabanelas in the parish of Brito, Guimarães (Portugal), three cover cropping systems have been tested with the main objective of verifying their influence on the first production of actinidias 'Bo-Erica®' orchard. The test consisted in the installation of mixed crops with grasses and legumes and a cover cropping with spontaneous vegetation (control), establishing the following modalities: Modality A (Trifolium repens 35%; Trifolium subterraneum ssp. Subterraneum 10% and Trifolium incarnatum 10%; Lolium perenne 10% and Lolium multiflorum 35%), Modality B (Trifolium repens 3%; Lolium perenne 30%; Poa pratensis 5% and Festuca arundinacea 62%) and the control that was composed of spontaneous vegetation. Each modality has been repeated 2 times and each repetition has a total area of 2250 m2 which comprises a complete line of plants (96 female plants and 16 male plants) as well as 2 aisle of cover cropping. Therefore, in order to install cover cropping, 5 kg of seed mixture have been used for an aisle area of 1710 m2. After conducting the test for 15 months (between october 2018 and december 2019), it was possible to verify that modality A was the one that produced the most green matter (2,05±0,07 kg/MV/m2) and the control produced the least amount of green matter (0,734±0,1 kg/MV/m2). Regarding modality B, it produced 1,15±0,08 kg/MV/m2 of green matter.As for fruit production, there were 54933,3 kg in 14,6 ha, of which 94,2 % correspond to marketable fruit and 5,8 % to refuse, it is also possible to state that there was an average productivity of 3762,6 kg/ha. As for the studied modalities there were no significant differences, modality A totaled a production of 2004 kg which corresponds to an average productivity of 8906 kg/ha and the values of 119 g of average weight per fruit were obtained; 5,6±0,49 kgf/0,5 cm2 of medium firmness and 8,72±0,53 ºBrix. Modality B totaled a production of 2008 kg which corresponds to an average productivity of 8924 kg/ha and the values of 120 g average weight per fruit were obtained; 5,6±0,53 kgf/0,5 cm2 medium firmness; 8,75±0,50 ºBrix and the control showed a total production of 2007 kg which corresponds to an average productivity of 9820 kg/ha in which the average weight per fruit was 118 g; 5,6±0,54 kgf /0,5cm2 medium firmness and 8,79±0,49 ºBrix.The present study demonstrates the importance of grassing and how it stands out in the different stages of development of the main culture. The continuation of this study for more years is relevant for consolidating data and presenting significant differences in fruit production and quality.
In a study carried out at Quinta de Cabanelas in the parish of Brito, Guimarães (Portugal), three cover cropping systems have been tested with the main objective of verifying their influence on the first production of actinidias 'Bo-Erica®' orchard. The test consisted in the installation of mixed crops with grasses and legumes and a cover cropping with spontaneous vegetation (control), establishing the following modalities: Modality A (Trifolium repens 35%; Trifolium subterraneum ssp. Subterraneum 10% and Trifolium incarnatum 10%; Lolium perenne 10% and Lolium multiflorum 35%), Modality B (Trifolium repens 3%; Lolium perenne 30%; Poa pratensis 5% and Festuca arundinacea 62%) and the control that was composed of spontaneous vegetation. Each modality has been repeated 2 times and each repetition has a total area of 2250 m2 which comprises a complete line of plants (96 female plants and 16 male plants) as well as 2 aisle of cover cropping. Therefore, in order to install cover cropping, 5 kg of seed mixture have been used for an aisle area of 1710 m2. After conducting the test for 15 months (between october 2018 and december 2019), it was possible to verify that modality A was the one that produced the most green matter (2,05±0,07 kg/MV/m2) and the control produced the least amount of green matter (0,734±0,1 kg/MV/m2). Regarding modality B, it produced 1,15±0,08 kg/MV/m2 of green matter.As for fruit production, there were 54933,3 kg in 14,6 ha, of which 94,2 % correspond to marketable fruit and 5,8 % to refuse, it is also possible to state that there was an average productivity of 3762,6 kg/ha. As for the studied modalities there were no significant differences, modality A totaled a production of 2004 kg which corresponds to an average productivity of 8906 kg/ha and the values of 119 g of average weight per fruit were obtained; 5,6±0,49 kgf/0,5 cm2 of medium firmness and 8,72±0,53 ºBrix. Modality B totaled a production of 2008 kg which corresponds to an average productivity of 8924 kg/ha and the values of 120 g average weight per fruit were obtained; 5,6±0,53 kgf/0,5 cm2 medium firmness; 8,75±0,50 ºBrix and the control showed a total production of 2007 kg which corresponds to an average productivity of 9820 kg/ha in which the average weight per fruit was 118 g; 5,6±0,54 kgf /0,5cm2 medium firmness and 8,79±0,49 ºBrix.The present study demonstrates the importance of grassing and how it stands out in the different stages of development of the main culture. The continuation of this study for more years is relevant for consolidating data and presenting significant differences in fruit production and quality.
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Keywords
Enrelvamento gramíneas leguminosas espontâneo actinidia