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Semaglutido : um biológico na revolução do tratamento da obesidade
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Introdução: A obesidade é atualmente considerada a epidemia do século XXI e representa um grave problema de saúde pública. Ao longo das últimas décadas, deixou de ser vista apenas como uma questão estética para ser reconhecida como uma doença crónica multifatorial, com importantes consequências físicas, psicológicas e sociais. Face à sua crescente prevalência, intensificaramse os esforços de investigação na procura de terapêuticas eficazes para a perda de peso. Neste contexto, destacase o semaglutido, um análogo do GLP1 que revolucionou o tratamento farmacológico da obesidade.
Objetivos: A presente monografia tem como objetivo analisar o semaglutido, um fármaco biológico inovador. O trabalho incide particularmente sobre os aspetos relacionados com a sua produção biotecnológica, estrutura química modificada, mecanismo de ação e impacto clínico, comparandoo com outras terapias atualmente disponíveis.
Métodos: Esta revisão narrativa foi realizada com recurso a uma pesquisa bibliográfica em várias bases de dado, nomeadamente PubMed, The New England Journal of Medicine, EMA, FDA, entre outras. Foram considerados maioritariamente artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2025.
Conclusão: O semaglutido representa um marco no tratamento da obesidade, demonstrando eficácia superior na redução de peso e no controlo de comorbilidades metabólicas relativamente a fármacos anteriormente disponíveis. A sua estrutura química otimizada e administração semanal constituem fatores determinantes para a adesão e sucesso terapêutico. Contudo, a complexidade da sua produção biotecnológica e a elevada procura global exigem avanços contínuos nos processos de síntese, purificação e formulação, de forma a garantir acessibilidade, sustentabilidade e qualidade. Neste sentido, o semaglutido não só exemplifica o potencial transformador dos biofármacos, como também evidencia os desafios inerentes ao seu desenvolvimento e aplicação em larga escala.
Introduction: Obesity is currently considered the epidemic of the 21st century and represents a serious public health problem. Over the last few decades, it has gone from being seen only as an aesthetic issue to being recognized as a multifactorial chronic disease with important physical, psychological and social consequences. In view of its growing prevalence, research efforts have intensified in the search for effective weight loss therapies. In this context, semaglutide stands out, a GLP1 analogue that has revolutionised the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Objectives: This dissertation aims to analyze semaglutide, an innovative biological drug. The work focuses particularly on aspects related to its biotechnological production, modified chemical structure, mechanism of action and clinical impact, comparing it with other therapies currently available. Methods: This narrative review was carried out using a bibliographic search in various databases, including PubMed, The New England Journal of Medicine, EMA, FDA, among others. The majority of articles published between 2015 and 2025 were considered. Conclusion: Semaglutide represents a milestone in the treatment of obesity, demonstrating superior efficacy in weight reduction and control of metabolic comorbidities compared to previously available drugs. Its optimized chemical structure and weekly administration are key factors for adherence and therapeutic success. However, the complexity of its biotechnological production and high global demand require continuous advances in synthesis, purification, and formulation processes to ensure accessibility, sustainability, and quality. In this sense, semaglutide, not only exemplifies the transformative potential of biopharmaceuticals but also highlights the challenges inherent in their development and largescale application.
Introduction: Obesity is currently considered the epidemic of the 21st century and represents a serious public health problem. Over the last few decades, it has gone from being seen only as an aesthetic issue to being recognized as a multifactorial chronic disease with important physical, psychological and social consequences. In view of its growing prevalence, research efforts have intensified in the search for effective weight loss therapies. In this context, semaglutide stands out, a GLP1 analogue that has revolutionised the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Objectives: This dissertation aims to analyze semaglutide, an innovative biological drug. The work focuses particularly on aspects related to its biotechnological production, modified chemical structure, mechanism of action and clinical impact, comparing it with other therapies currently available. Methods: This narrative review was carried out using a bibliographic search in various databases, including PubMed, The New England Journal of Medicine, EMA, FDA, among others. The majority of articles published between 2015 and 2025 were considered. Conclusion: Semaglutide represents a milestone in the treatment of obesity, demonstrating superior efficacy in weight reduction and control of metabolic comorbidities compared to previously available drugs. Its optimized chemical structure and weekly administration are key factors for adherence and therapeutic success. However, the complexity of its biotechnological production and high global demand require continuous advances in synthesis, purification, and formulation processes to ensure accessibility, sustainability, and quality. In this sense, semaglutide, not only exemplifies the transformative potential of biopharmaceuticals but also highlights the challenges inherent in their development and largescale application.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Semaglutido Obesidade Biofármacos Produção farmacêutica