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Emprego de Fogos Letais e Não Letais no apoio da força
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Abstract(s)
No âmbito da conclusão da formação académica e militar na Academia Militar, mais precisamente na Arma de Artilharia, foi elaborado o presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada, que tem como principal objetivo estudar e analisar o emprego de fogos letais e não letais no apoio da força.
O trabalho foi elaborado na Sede Academia Militar em Lisboa, tendo sido feitas deslocações ao Estado-maior do Exército, à Escola Prática de Infantaria, ao Instituto de Estudos Superiores do Exército e ao “Joint Allied Lessons Learned Center” com a finalidade de obter informação útil para a realização do mesmo.
Para dar início à realização do trabalho, revelou-se imprescindível fazer um estudo do ambiente operacional vivido nos atuais Teatros de Operações, para assim percebermos de que forma as suas características restringem as missões das Unidades de Apoio de Fogos ao dispor do comandante da força. Posteriormente, analisamos de que forma estas Unidades poderiam ser empregues nos modernos Teatros de Operações aos níveis letal e não letal. Para isso foi feito um levantamento de meios letais passiveis de serem empregues nos Teatros de Operações essencialmente urbanos. Relativamente às capacidades não letais, estas foram divididas em duas vertentes: a vertente fogos abrangendo todos os meios “kinetic”, ou seja aplicação da força; e a vertente efeitos dizendo respeito aos meios “non kinetic”, isto é, ações conduzidas tendo em vista influenciar o inimigo ou a população local não combatente. Seguidamente foram analisados dois casos de estudo, Afeganistão e Iraque, tendo em vista verificar de que forma as Unidades de Artilharia de Campanha realizaram o apoio a nível letal e não letal. Em seguida tentamos demonstrar as capacidades que a Artilharia de Campanha portuguesa possui face às exigências dos Teatros de Operações atuais. Por fim tentamos responder à questão central como auxílio das respostas às questões derivadas, procurando explicar a ascensão dos fogos não letais face aos fogos letais.
Abstract Within the completion of academic training at the Military Academy and military specifically the Artillery Branch, this work was prepared for Applied Research Work, which has as main objective to study and analyze the use of lethal and nonlethal fires in support of the force. The work was done at the Military Academy headquarters in Lisbon, having been made trips to the General Staff of the Army, the Practical School of Infantry, the Portuguese Joint Command and Staff College and the "Joint Allied Lessons Learned Center" in order to obtain useful information for the realization thereof. To start doing the work, it proved essential to make a study of the operating environment experienced in the current theaters of operations, in order to realize how their characteristics restrict the missions of the units Support of the Fires at the disposal of the force commander. Subsequently, we analyze how these Units could be employed in the modern Theater of Operations at lethal and nonlethal levels. For this, it was made a survey of lethal means equipment that could be used in essentially urban theater of operations. For the nonlethal capabilities, this were divided into two domains: fires covering all “kinetic” means, wich covers the application of force; and "non kinetic" means, this is, actions conducted in order to influence the enemy or the local non-combatant. Then we analyzed two case studies, Afghanistan and Iraq, in view of how the Field Artillery Units performed support at lethal and nonlethal levels. Then we try to demonstrate the capabilities that the Field Artillery Portuguese has to meet the demands of currents theaters of operations. Finally we try to answer the main question supported from the answers of the derived questions, trying to explain the rise of non-lethal fires against the lethal fires.
Abstract Within the completion of academic training at the Military Academy and military specifically the Artillery Branch, this work was prepared for Applied Research Work, which has as main objective to study and analyze the use of lethal and nonlethal fires in support of the force. The work was done at the Military Academy headquarters in Lisbon, having been made trips to the General Staff of the Army, the Practical School of Infantry, the Portuguese Joint Command and Staff College and the "Joint Allied Lessons Learned Center" in order to obtain useful information for the realization thereof. To start doing the work, it proved essential to make a study of the operating environment experienced in the current theaters of operations, in order to realize how their characteristics restrict the missions of the units Support of the Fires at the disposal of the force commander. Subsequently, we analyze how these Units could be employed in the modern Theater of Operations at lethal and nonlethal levels. For this, it was made a survey of lethal means equipment that could be used in essentially urban theater of operations. For the nonlethal capabilities, this were divided into two domains: fires covering all “kinetic” means, wich covers the application of force; and "non kinetic" means, this is, actions conducted in order to influence the enemy or the local non-combatant. Then we analyzed two case studies, Afghanistan and Iraq, in view of how the Field Artillery Units performed support at lethal and nonlethal levels. Then we try to demonstrate the capabilities that the Field Artillery Portuguese has to meet the demands of currents theaters of operations. Finally we try to answer the main question supported from the answers of the derived questions, trying to explain the rise of non-lethal fires against the lethal fires.
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Keywords
ARTILHARIA DE CAMPANHA LETAL NÃO LETAL URBANO
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino