Percorrer por autor "Dias, Raquel Maria Gonçalves"
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- Virtual and real paths : uma revisão sistemática sobre fatores de risco de reincidência criminal em ofensores MASC e mistosPublication . Dias, Raquel Maria Gonçalves; Soeiro, Cristina; Gonçalves, Marta MatosThe present work is a systematic review aimed at identifying and comparing risk factors for criminal recidivism among child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenders and mixed offenders, as well as critically analyzing the main risk assessment instruments applied to these groups. Twenty-four articles, selected in accordance with the PRISMA protocol, were reviewed, ensuring methodological rigor and scientific quality. The research, predominantly originating from Canada, the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Germany, reveals that fifteen studies compare risk profiles between CSEM and mixed offenders, eight focus on risk assessment instruments, and one deals exclusively with CSEM offenders. The samples are mostly comprised of adult males, with average ages between 30 and 40 years, highlighting demographic homogeneity and posing a significant limitation to the generalizability of the results. Findings show that, while CSEM offenders tend to present lower levels of antisocial behavior, greater relational/professional stability, and recidivism almost exclusively in the online sphere, mixed offenders exhibit more impulsivity, psychosocial pathology, and both digital and physical recidivism. The CPORT stands out as the reference instrument for CSEM offenders; for mixed offenders, it is recommended to combine structured tools (STATIC-99R, SVR-20, STABLE/ACUTE-2007) with digital assessment instruments. Limitations remain relating to the diversity of samples and the integration of dynamic psychosocial factors. This review underscores the need for differentiated, multidimensional, and culturally sensitive approaches to assessment and intervention, recommending the development of multicentre longitudinal studies and instruments adapted to the digital reality and the psychosocial complexities characteristic of these sexual offense profiles.