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Publication
O Uso e a Importância dos Carros de Combate nos Teatros de Operações Atuais - Estudo de caso: Afeganistão 2006 - 2014
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Tendo presente a evolução de que os teatros de operações atuais estão a ser alvo ,
perspetiva-se uma alteração no uso de meios e formas de atuação das forças militares para
a resolução desses conflitos. Como tal, devido à especificidade e pertinência dos
acontecimentos ocorridos no conflito no Afeganistão surge o tema “O Uso e a Importância
dos Carros de Combate nos Teatros de Operações Atuais - Estudo de caso: Afeganistão
2006 – 2014”. O presente trabalho equaciona a importância que os carros de combate
podem vir a desempenhar nos conflitos atuais, pelo que analisa as lições aprendidas pelas
unidades de carros de combate neste ambiente tão específico, procurando tirar
ensinamentos de cariz técnico, tático e de procedimentos.
Desta forma, são analisadas as caraterísticas do combate no Afeganistão,
centralizando a importância das formas de atuar dos insurgentes, o tipo de terreno e o utras
razões que ajudam a perceber o conflito. Em paralelo, são analisadas as razões que levaram
ao emprego dos carros de combate, bem como a forma como foram usados no combate
contra um inimigo não convencional.
Verificou-se que os insurgentes no Afeganistão atuavam de uma forma não
convencional, procurando o desgaste das forças regulares lançando ataques pontuais.
Devido a isto, à expansão da International Security Assistance Force para as zonas remotas
do Afeganistão e ao aumento do número de baixas, os carros de combate foram empregue s
em operações na parte mais a sul do país. Após o seu emprego, as principais
vulnerabilidades levantadas foram as necessidades de manutenção e o combate em
ambiente urbano, por outro lado as potencialidades relacionam-se com o importante apoio
de fogo e proteção que conferiram às forças apeadas. As principais considerações a nível
tático estão relacionadas com o facto de os carros de combate serem sempre empregues em
conjunto com outros tipos de forças. A nível técnico os carros de combate tiveram de
sofrer alterações para aumentar a proteção e sobrevivência das guarnições, para aumentar
as capacidades de manutenção e para aumentar a sua mobilidade. Já os procedimentos
aprendidos foram relacionados com conceitos de planeamento operacional e logístico,
considerações táticas, de manutenção e a nível do treino.
Abstract Knowing the changes that have taken place in the current theaters of operations, a different approach in the forms of military forces action to resolve such conflicts are expected. This way, due to the specificity and relevance of events in the conflict in Afghanistan, comes the subject "The use and importance of Main Battle Tanks in current operations - Case Study: Afghanistan 2006 – 2014”. This thesis, study the importance the tanks could play in present conflicts, analyzing the lessons learned at technical, tactical and procedures levels. Thus the combat characteristics in Afghanistan are analyzed by the importance of the insurgents forms of acting, the type of terrain and other reasons that help to understand the conflict. Simultaneously the reasons are analyzed for the use of tanks and the way they were used in combat. Insurgents in Afghanistan acted in an unconventional way, seeking a way to wear out regular forces, launching punctual attacks. Due to this fact, the expansion of International Security Assistance Force to the remote areas of Afghanistan and the increased number of casualties, result ing in the deployment of tanks to the southern area of the country . After their employment, the main vulnerabilities were the maintenance needs and the combat in urban environment. On the other hand, the potential are related to the important fire support and protection that tanks gave to the infantry forces, as well as the ongoing support that they provide when in operations. The main considerations at tactical level are related to the fact that the tanks were always be employed in operations with other types of forces. At the technical level, tanks had to be change in order to enhance the protection and survival of crewman, and to increase the maintenance capabilities and the unit mobility. The procedures learned, are related to operational and logistical planning, tactical considerations, maintenance and training.
Abstract Knowing the changes that have taken place in the current theaters of operations, a different approach in the forms of military forces action to resolve such conflicts are expected. This way, due to the specificity and relevance of events in the conflict in Afghanistan, comes the subject "The use and importance of Main Battle Tanks in current operations - Case Study: Afghanistan 2006 – 2014”. This thesis, study the importance the tanks could play in present conflicts, analyzing the lessons learned at technical, tactical and procedures levels. Thus the combat characteristics in Afghanistan are analyzed by the importance of the insurgents forms of acting, the type of terrain and other reasons that help to understand the conflict. Simultaneously the reasons are analyzed for the use of tanks and the way they were used in combat. Insurgents in Afghanistan acted in an unconventional way, seeking a way to wear out regular forces, launching punctual attacks. Due to this fact, the expansion of International Security Assistance Force to the remote areas of Afghanistan and the increased number of casualties, result ing in the deployment of tanks to the southern area of the country . After their employment, the main vulnerabilities were the maintenance needs and the combat in urban environment. On the other hand, the potential are related to the important fire support and protection that tanks gave to the infantry forces, as well as the ongoing support that they provide when in operations. The main considerations at tactical level are related to the fact that the tanks were always be employed in operations with other types of forces. At the technical level, tanks had to be change in order to enhance the protection and survival of crewman, and to increase the maintenance capabilities and the unit mobility. The procedures learned, are related to operational and logistical planning, tactical considerations, maintenance and training.
Description
Keywords
Carros de Combate Afeganistão Técnicas Táticas Procedimentos
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino