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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Compreender a evolução das missões e operações marítimas da North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), em conjugação com a evolução das Forças Navais Permanentes, relacionando-as com as alterações do ambiente de segurança internacional, constitui uma tarefa fundamental para pensar estrategicamente o papel de Portugal e da Marinha Portuguesa no contexto da transformação da Aliança Atlântica.
Deste modo, a presente tese abrange uma análise histórica desta evolução, alinhada com as alterações do ambiente de segurança mundial, particularmente centrada no domínio marítimo, incluindo uma análise aos desenvolvimentos internos, que levaram a NATO a adaptar-se a uma Rússia mais assertiva a Leste e às ameaças oriundas do Médio Oriente e do Norte de África. São vastos os referidos desenvolvimentos, entre eles, a adaptação da postura marítima da NATO face a uma reemergente capacidade submarina russa e a alteração à constituição e tipologia das missões das Forças Navais Permanentes. Enquanto membro fundador da Aliança, Portugal enfrenta um défice de recursos humanos, materiais e financeiros, correndo o risco de se tornar menos relevante como Nação Marítima, se deixar de contribuir expressivamente para a componente marítima da NATO.
Tendo por base uma análise documental profunda da evolução histórica da componente naval aliada, analisa-se e perspetiva-se a forma como Portugal e a Marinha Portuguesa se devem adaptar à transformação em curso da NATO, tendo em vista contribuir com relevância para a evolução da sua componente marítima.
Este trabalho conclui que Portugal e a Marinha Portuguesa se encontram no rumo certo, verificando-se uma forte concordância entre os objetivos da Diretiva Estratégica da Marinha de 2018 e as conclusões da análise do posicionamento estratégico que a Marinha deve assumir face à tendência de reforço da componente marítima da NATO, que exigirá um maior contributo de meios e forças navais por parte das nações marítimas aliadas.
Studying and understanding the evolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) missions and maritime operations along with the evolution of the NATO Standing Naval Forces and relating those with the changes to the global security environment, are some fundamental tasks in order to strategically think about the Portuguese Navy’s role on this matter and also in NATO´s transformation. In this way, the present thesis includes a historical analysis of this evolution, relating it with global security environment - especially in the maritime component. This resulted on an analysis focused on the internal development which led NATO to adapt to the assertive role taken by Russia on the East and to the current threats emanating from the Middle East and North Africa. There were, therefore, several developments: the enhancement of NATO’s maritime posture in response to the reappearing Russian submarine threat; the changes in the Standing Naval Forces constitution and the type of missions given. As a founding member of the Alliance, Portugal faces a deficit of human, material and financial resources, risking becoming less relevant as a Maritime Nation - should it decrease its contributions to NATO’s maritime component. Based on a deep documental analysis of the historical naval related component, it can be predicted the way that Portugal and the Portuguese Navy should adapt to current NATO´s transformation, noticing that it is important to contribute with relevance to the evolution of it´s maritime component. As a result of the present thesis, it can be concluded that Portugal and the Portuguese Navy are in the right path, since there is a strong match between the Portuguese Navy Strategic Directives of 2018 and the results of the analysis on the strategic positioning that the Navy should adopt in response to the foreseen enhancement of NATO's maritime posture.
Studying and understanding the evolution of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) missions and maritime operations along with the evolution of the NATO Standing Naval Forces and relating those with the changes to the global security environment, are some fundamental tasks in order to strategically think about the Portuguese Navy’s role on this matter and also in NATO´s transformation. In this way, the present thesis includes a historical analysis of this evolution, relating it with global security environment - especially in the maritime component. This resulted on an analysis focused on the internal development which led NATO to adapt to the assertive role taken by Russia on the East and to the current threats emanating from the Middle East and North Africa. There were, therefore, several developments: the enhancement of NATO’s maritime posture in response to the reappearing Russian submarine threat; the changes in the Standing Naval Forces constitution and the type of missions given. As a founding member of the Alliance, Portugal faces a deficit of human, material and financial resources, risking becoming less relevant as a Maritime Nation - should it decrease its contributions to NATO’s maritime component. Based on a deep documental analysis of the historical naval related component, it can be predicted the way that Portugal and the Portuguese Navy should adapt to current NATO´s transformation, noticing that it is important to contribute with relevance to the evolution of it´s maritime component. As a result of the present thesis, it can be concluded that Portugal and the Portuguese Navy are in the right path, since there is a strong match between the Portuguese Navy Strategic Directives of 2018 and the results of the analysis on the strategic positioning that the Navy should adopt in response to the foreseen enhancement of NATO's maritime posture.
Description
Keywords
Aliança Atlântica Segurança Marítima Forças Navais Permanentes Atlantic Alliance Maritime Safety Standing Naval Forces