Favila Menezes, MSousa, MJPaixão, PAtouguia, JNegreiros, ISimões, MJ2018-07-192018-07-192018IDCases. 2018 Mar 21;12:95-96.http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/23340Lawsonella clevelandensis is a Gram-stain-positive, partially acid-fast, anaerobic, being considered a new species within a new genus in the suborder Corynebacterineae. There are only a few cases reported worldwide. This is a fastidious microorganism, difficult to identify by conventional methods, leading to inappropriate treatments. The authors report a case of a 29-year-old woman with a 3-week evolution of a breast nodule. There was a family history of breast carcinoma. Samples were collected for histological and microbiological examination. Gram staining revealed Gram-positive filamentous bacilli, acid-fast-positive. The cultural examination revealed a Lawsonella clevelandensis that was confirmed by molecular methods. At the last follow up, the evolution was favorable; the abscess was resolved, with no evidence of recurrence. To our knowledge the present case was the first reported in Europe.engActinobacteriaAbscessoDoenças da MamaAbscessBreast Diseasesjournal article10.1016/j.idcr.2018.03.014