Alves, MarlonGalina, SimoneMacini, NayeleCarvalho, Luísa Margarida CagicaCosta, Teresa2018-05-282018-05-282017Alves, M., Macini, N., Galina, S., Carvalho, L. & Costa, T. (2017). Internationalization and Innovation in Nascent Companies: Does Gender Matter? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21(4), pp. 887-9051462-6004http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/22993Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the competitiveness of women entrepreneurs in terms of internationalization and innovation. Supported by a resource-based framework of early internationalizing firms, the authors investigated multiple conditions for the relationship between internationalization and innovation relative to gender in nascent companies. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, the authors used survey data related to entrepreneurial activity in 50 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Based on a model of seven factors (internationalization, innovation, gender, skills, opportunity, sector, and country), the authors tested the significance of the relationships between these factors by means of a hierarchical log-linear analysis. Findings – The results indicate the low competitiveness of women entrepreneurs in general, but outline some singularities, especially between developed and developing countries. Originality/value – This study offers cross-country empirical evidence of how factors of different levels interact with each other. In this way, the authors shed light on the competitiveness of nascent companies, especially regarding gender differencesengjournal article10.1108/JSBED-01-2017-0020