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- Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur (Varecia variegata) in captivity : analysis of the oral microbiota in a one health perspectivePublication . Silva, Carolina; Requicha, João F.; Martins, José J.; Duarte, Aida; Dias, Isabel R.; Viegas, Carlos A.; Saavedra, Maria J.This study aimed to characterize the susceptibility profile to antibiotics and biofilm formation of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from the oral cavity of the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata). From eight individuals from a zoo located in Portugal, samples of the oral microbiota were collected with sterile swabs and then placed in closed tubes with a transport medium. Culture was carried out for media of Gram-negative bacteria. Twenty-two isolates were obtained and subjected to susceptibility tests to twenty-five antimicrobial agents belonging to seven different classes. All tested isolates demonstrated resistance to, at least, one antibiotic, and it was possible to observe multidrug resistance in 11 of the 22 isolates (50%). It should be noted that an isolate showed phenotypic resistance to imipenem, an antibiotic for exclusive use in a hospital environment. All the isolates showed an increasing ability of biofilm formation over time. The obtained results show that wild mammals in captivity could be reservoirs and potential sources of multi-resistant pathogens. In view of this fact and considering the One Health concept, it will be advisable to establish local monitoring programs worldwide that benefit and protect human, animal and environmental health.
- BSF - time to change the fliesPublication . Menino, Regina; Murta, Daniel
- Dose-dependent cognitive decline, anxiety, and locomotor impairments induced by doxorubicin : evidence from an animal modelPublication . Amaro-Leal, Ângela; Afonso, Ana I.; Machado, Filipa; Shvachiy, Liana; Rocha, Isabel; Outeiro, Tiago F.; Geraldes, VeraCognitive impairment and anxiety are common side effects of chemotherapy, particularly with the use of doxorubicin (DOX), known as “chemobrain”. This study aimed to examine the dose-dependent effects of DOX on cognitive decline, anxiety, and locomotor activity in healthy female Wistar rats. The rats were divided into groups receiving low (2 mg/kg), intermediate (4 mg/kg), and high (5 mg/kg) doses of DOX for four weeks, alongside a control group. Behavioral tests, including open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze tests, assessed anxiety, locomotion, and cognitive performance, while brain tissue analysis evaluated neuroinflammation using markers such as GFAP and Iba-1. The results showed that all doses of DOX induced anxiety-like behavior, reduced locomotion, and caused neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, with more severe effects at higher doses. Notably, high-dose DOX also caused short-term memory deficits. These findings highlight the dose-dependent nature of DOX’s impact on behavior and cognition, suggesting that DOX plays a key role in the development of cognitive symptoms during chemotherapy. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these effects and to explore potential interventions.
- Efficacy of the Feliway® Classic diffuser in reducing undesirable scratching in cats : a randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled studyPublication . Pereira, Joana Soares; Demirbas, Yasemin Salgirli; Meppiel, Laurianne; Endersby, Sarah; Pereira, Gonçalo da Graça; Jaeger, Xavier DeScratching the environment is a natural behaviour that cats use for communication and physical maintenance purposes, however when it is carried out on household furniture it is considered unacceptable for some owners and even grounds for relinquishment of cats. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FELIWAY® Classic Diffuser in reducing undesirable scratching (scratching vertical surfaces indoors other than the scratching post) in cats. A 28 day, randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study with a total of 1060 caregiver-cat dyads was conducted. The study contained two groups: the Pheromone Group consisted of caregivers who were given a pheromone diffuser (n = 546) and the Placebo Group consisted of caregivers who were given a placebo diffuser (n = 514). A questionnaire with three subsections was distributed online. The first section, completed by the respondents at day 0, inquired about the cats’ daily routines, social and physical environments, behaviour, temperament, and emotional states. The second section filled on day 0, 7, 14, and 28, assessed the Frequency and the Intensity of the undesirable scratching problem and the effectiveness of the product. The last section, filled on the 28th day of the product application, related to the caregivers’ opinions about the product and overall outcome. After 28 days the scratching Frequency reduced for 83.5% of the cats in the Pheromone Group and 68.5% for the Placebo Group (p<0.0001). The Intensity was significantly different between treatment groups at D7 (p = 0.0170), at D14 (p = 0.0189) and at D28 (p<0.001). The reduction of the Global Index Score, which was calculated by multiplying the Intensity with the Frequency, was significantly higher for the Pheromone Group (p<0.001). This study provides direct evidence that the use of FELIWAY® Classic diffuser significantly reduces the Frequency, Intensity and the Global Index Score of undesirable scratching.
- The European reference genome atlas : piloting a decentralised approach to equitable biodiversity genomicsPublication . Mc Cartney, Ann M.; Formenti, Giulio; Mouton, Alice; Panis, Diego De; Marins, Luísa S.; Leitão, Henrique G.; Diedericks, Genevieve; Kirangwa, Joseph; Morselli, Marco; Salces-Ortiz, Judit; Escudero, Nuria; Iannucci, Alessio; Natali, Chiara; Svardal, Hannes; Fernández, Rosa; Pooter, Tim De; Joris, Geert; Strazisar, Mojca; Wood, Jonathan M. D.; Herron, Katie E.; Seehausen, Ole; Watts, Phillip C.; Shaw, Felix; Davey, Robert P.; Minotto, Alice; Fernández, José M.; Böhne, Astrid; Alegria, Carla; Alioto, Tyler; Alves, Paulo C.; Amorim, Isabel R.; Aury, Jean-Marc; Backstrom, Niclas; Baldrian, Petr; Baltrunaite, Laima; Barta, Endre; BedHom, Bertrand; Belser, Caroline; Bergsten, Johannes; Bertrand, Laurie; Bilandija, Helena; Binzer-Panchal, Mahesh; Bista, Iliana; Blaxter, Mark; Borges, Paulo A. V.; Dias, Guilherme Borges; Bosse, Mirte; Brown, Tom; Bruggmann, Rémy; Buena-Atienza, Elena; Burgin, Josephine; Buzan, Elena; Cariani, Alessia; Casadei, Nicolas; Chiara, Matteo; Chozas, Sergio; Čiampor Jr., Fedor; Crottini, Angelica; Cruaud, Corinne; Cruz, Fernando; Dalen, Love; Biase, Alessio De; Campo, Javier del; Delic, Teo; Dennis, Alice B.; Derks, Martijn F. L.; Diroma, Maria Angela; Djan, Mihajla; Duprat, Simone; Eleftheriadi, Klara; Feulner, Philine G. D.; Flot, Jean-François; Forni, Giobbe; Fosso, Bruno; Fournier, Pascal; Fournier-Chambrillon, Christine; Gabaldon, Toni; Garg, Shilpa; Gissi, Carmela; Giupponi, Luca; Gomez-Garrido, Jessica; González, Josefa; Grilo, Miguel L.; Grüning, Björn; Guerin, Thomas; Guiglielmoni, Nadege; Gut, Marta; Haesler, Marcel P.; Hahn, Christoph; Halpern, Balint; Harrison, Peter W.; Heintz, Julia; Hindrikson, Maris; Höglund, Jacob; Howe, Kerstin; Hughes, Graham M.; Istace, Benjamin; Cock, Mark J.; Janžekovič, Franc; Jonsson, Zophonias O.; Joye-Dind, Sagane; Koskimäki, Janne J.; Krystufek, Boris; Kubacka, Justyna; Kuhl, Heiner; Kusza, Szilvia; Labadie, Karine; Lähteenaro, Meri; Lantz, Henrik; Lavrinienko, Anton; Leclère, Lucas; Lopes, Ricardo Jorge; Madsen, Ole; Magdelenat, Ghislaine; Magoga, Giulia; Manousaki, Tereza; Mappes, Tapio; Marques, João Pedro; Redondo, Gemma I. Martinez; Maumus, Florian; McCarthy, Shane A.; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Melo-Ferreira, José; Mendes, Sofia L.; Montagna, Matteo; Moreno, João; Mosbech, Mai-Britt; Moura, Mónica; Musilova, Zuzana; Myers, Eugene; Nash, Will J.; Nater, Alexander; Nicholson, Pamela; Niell, Manuel; Nijland, Reindert; Noel, Benjamin; Noren, Karin; Oliveira, Pedro H.; Olsen, Remi-Andre; Ometto, Lino; Oomen, Rebekah A.; Ossowski, Stephan; Palinauskas, Vaidas; Palsson, Snaebjorn; Panibe, Jerome P.; Pauperio, Joana; Pavlek, Martina; Payen, Emilie; Pawlowska, Julia; Pellicer, Jaume; Pesole, Graziano; Pimenta, João; Pippel, Martin; Pirttilä, Anna Maria; Poulakakis, Nikos; Rajan, Jeena; Rego, Rúben M. C.; Resendes, Roberto; Resl, Philipp; Riesgo, Ana; Rodin-Morch, Patrik; Soares, Andre E. R.; Fernandes, Carlos Rodriguez; Romeiras, Maria M.; Roxo, Guilherme; Rüber, Lukas; Ruiz-Lopez, Maria Jose; Saarma, Urmas; Silva, Luis P. da; Sim-Sim, Manuela; Soler, Lucile; Sousa, Vitor C.; Santos, Carla Sousa; Spada, Alberto; Stefanovic, Milomir; Steger, Viktor; Stiller, Josefin; Stöck, Matthias; Struck, Torsten H.; Sudasinghe, Hiranya; Tapanainen, Riikka; Tellgren-Roth, Christian; Trindade, Helena; Tukalenko, Yevhen; Urso, Ilenia; Vacherie, Benoit; Belleghem, Steven M. Van; Oers, Kees Van; Vargas-Chavez, Carlos; Velickovic, Nevena; Vella, Noel; Vella, Adriana; Vernesi, Cristiano; Vicente, Sara; Villa, Sara; Pettersson, Olga Vinnere; Volckaert, Filip A. M.; Voros, Judit; Wincker, Patrick; Winkler, Sylke; Ciofi, Claudio; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Mazzoni, Camila J.A genomic database of all Earth’s eukaryotic species could contribute to many scientific discoveries; however, only a tiny fraction of species have genomic information available. In 2018, scientists across the world united under the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), aiming to produce a database of high-quality reference genomes containing all ~1.5 million recognized eukaryotic species. As the European node of the EBP, the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) sought to implement a new decentralised, equitable and inclusive model for producing reference genomes. For this, ERGA launched a Pilot Project establishing the first distributed reference genome production infrastructure and testing it on 98 eukaryotic species from 33 European countries. Here we outline the infrastructure and explore its effectiveness for scaling high-quality reference genome production, whilst considering equity and inclusion. The outcomes and lessons learned provide a solid foundation for ERGA while offering key learnings to other transnational, national genomic resource projects and the EBP.
- Experimental evolution in a warming world : the Omics eraPublication . Santos, Marta A.; Carromeu-Santos, Ana; Quina, Ana S.; Antunes, Marta A.; Kristensen, Torsten N.; Santos, Mauro; Matos, Margarida; Fragata, Inês; Simões, PedroA comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape species responses to thermal variation is essential for more accurate predictions of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Experimental evolution with high-throughput resequencing approaches (evolve and resequence) is a highly effective tool that has been increasingly employed to elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation. The number of thermal evolve and resequence studies is rising, yet there is a dearth of efforts to integrate this new wealth of knowledge. Here, we review this literature showing how these studies have contributed to increase our understanding on the genetic basis of thermal adaptation. We identify two major trends: highly polygenic basis of thermal adaptation and general lack of consistency in candidate targets of selection between studies. These findings indicate that the adaptive responses to specific environments are rather independent. A review of the literature reveals several gaps in the existing research. Firstly, there is a paucity of studies done with organisms of diverse taxa. Secondly, there is a need to apply more dynamic and ecologically relevant thermal environments. Thirdly, there is a lack of studies that integrate genomic changes with changes in life history and behavioral traits. Addressing these issues would allow a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype. We highlight key methodological aspects that can address some of the limitations and omissions identified. These include the need for greater standardization of methodologies and the utilization of new technologies focusing on the integration of genomic and phenotypic variation in the context of thermal adaptation.